Plausible reasoning: a first-order approach
作者:
Silvana Badaloni,
Alberto Zanardo,
期刊:
Journal of Applied Non-Classical Logics
(Taylor Available online 1996)
卷期:
Volume 6,
issue 3
页码: 215-261
ISSN:1166-3081
年代: 1996
DOI:10.1080/11663081.1996.10510883
出版商: Taylor & Francis Group
关键词: high plausibility;typicality;determiners;non-monotonic reasoning;irrelevant information
数据来源: Taylor
摘要:
In the literature on Non-Monotonic Logics, many examples of defeasible deductions infer that an arbitrarily chosen individual in a given set has the properties that we consider as “typical” for the elements of that set. In the paper we provide a logical framework, based on first-order logic, suitable for this kind of inferences. The main features of our approach are: 1) typicality of a given property for the individuals in a given set is represented by means of a binary determiner, 2) individual constants are evaluated on sets of individuals, so that a “range of uncertainty” is ascribed to them, 3) the adopted formalism and semantics allow formulas that adequately represent assertions like “it is highly plausible that the individual c has the property P”, and 4) the formal conditions under which “c has the property P” can consistently be inferred from the above assertion are determined, 5) non-monotonicity is achieved by changing the evaluation of the individual constants. In Appendices A, B and C, we provide a sound complete axiom system for the logic considered in the paper.
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