Both tremorine and arecoline cause a drop in body temperature in small laboratory animals (mice, rats, guinea pigs) as well as tremor, rigor and peripheric effects. The purpose of this paper is (1) to characterize the up-until-now unknown hypothermic effect of arecoline, as compared with tremorine, and (2) to check the action of drugs used in Parkinson's disease and others on this hypothermia in mice in order to obtain information on the action of tremorine and arecoline on thermoregulation and on their antagonists. The relations between dose and body temperature of male mice kept at different ambient temperatures after intraperitoneal injection of arecoline or tremorine and the influences of antagonists (in view of tremor) on hypothermia have been studied. The hypothermic action following the use of tremorine is more continuous and more pronounced than that following arecoline. Judged by the same degree of body temperature depression, the effect of tremorine is five to 10 times stronger than that of arecoline. Scopolamine, atropine, benactycine and trihexyphenidyl block the hypothermic effect of tremorine and arecoline; hypothermia after arecoline is not influenced by caramiphen; antiparkin, butylscopolamine, as well as the phenothiazine-derivatives ethopropazine, promethazine and diethazine, are also ineffective; methylatropine reduces the arecoline-hypothermia only in high doses. Hypothermia after arecoline and tremorine is mainly based on a central action. The effects of several central cholinolytics and the antihypothermic inefficiency of phenothiazines, used in Parkinson's disease and against motoric effects of tremorine and arecoline, demonstrate a difference within this group of drugs. The trigger in hypothermic action is a cholinergic one.