Computer and data networks are the interconnection technology for information systems. Information systems require networks which can transfer data in a rapid and reliable manner. These networks are controlled by protocols, which represent the rules for the transfer of the information around the network and which must be capable of responding to problems that are both expected and unexpected. The specification and standardisation of communication protocols has a significant commercial impact on users and so there is considerable international collaboration to provide new technologies and networks that will evolve to replace the current networks. The paper reviews the ways in which this specification and standardisation is being applied to the protocols which support the current and future generations of networks, and introduces the Open Systems Interconnection sevenlayer Reference Model.