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L., Diagnostic studies of refractory slurries in the ICP, (Dept. Chem., Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA).87/C1608. Moore, J., Frary, B., Brodie, K., Shrader, D. E., An intelligent use of graphite furnace features to simplify the analysis of samples with complex matrices, (Varian Tech- tron Pty Ltd., 679 Springvale Rd., Mulgrave, Victoria 3 170, Australia). 87/C1609. Golloch, A., Brockmann, A., KUSS, H.-M., Simultaneous multi-element atomic absorption spectrometry by mean of a fibre optic, (Univ. Duisburg, Postfach 101629, D 4100 Duisburg, FRG). 87/C1610. Haswell, S. J., The development of slurry methods in atomic absorption spectrometry, (Sch. Chem., Thames Polytech., Wellington St., London SE18 6PF, UK). 87/C1611. Vollkopf, U., Baasner, J., Grobenski, Z., Elimination of drift in AAS, (Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co. GmbH, PO Box 1120, D-7770 Uberlingen, FRG).87/C1612. Bradley, H. E., Fibre optics modularises ICP spec- trometer, (Spectro Inc., 160 Authority Drive, Fitchburg, MA 01420, USA). 871C1613. Horlick, G., Lepla, K., Measurement characteristics and capabilities of a new PDA linear image sensor for ICP-AES, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). 871C1614. DeVries, J., Lazure, R. E., Phillips, R. W., McGeorge, S. W ., Data processing techniques for multi-element ICP spectra produced using the Plasmarray spectrometer system, (PRA International Inc., 45 Meg Drive, London, Ontario N6E 2V2, Canada). 87/C1615. Horlick, G., Todd, B., King, G., A Fourier transform spectrometer system for ICP-AES, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). 87lC1616.Smith, S. B., Jr., Brown, R. M., Schleicher, R. G., Sainz, M. A,, Chemometrics and the commercial instrument: resolution of spectral interferences by computation, (Thermo Jarrell-Ash, 590 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02254, USA). 87/C1617. Blades, M. W., Burton, L. L., Caughlin, B. L., Walker, Z., Excitation in the inductively coupled plasma- evidence for a partial-LTE model, (Dept. Chem., Univ. British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Y6, Canada). 87/C1618. Nygaard, D. D., Stux, R. L., Sotera, J. J., Background 87/C 871C correction on a polychromator ICP using a new software package, (Thermo Jarrell-Ash, 590 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02254, USA). 619. McGeorge, S. W., Moak, H. W., Falconer, J. B., Method development strategies for a flexible simultaneous multi- element spectrometer system based on photodiode array detection, (PRA International Inc., 45 Meg Drive, Lon- don, Ontario N6E 2V2, Canada).620. Olesik, J. W., Bradley, K. R., Williamsen, E., Den, S.-J., Excitation and relaxation processes in the inductively coupled plasma studied by power modulation, (Dept. Chem., Venable and Kenan Lab. 045A, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA).JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, OCTOBER 1987, VOL. 2 203R 87lC1621. 87lC1622. 871C1623. 87lC1624. 871C1625. 87/C1626. 871C1627. 871C1628. 871C1629. 871C1630. 87lC1631. 87lC1632. 87lC1633. 87lC1634. 871C1635. 87lC1636. Genna, J. L., Petit, J. M., The direct analysis of aluminium and alumina by spark nebulisation - ICP emission spectro- scopy, (Aluminium Co.of America, Alcoa Technical Center, Alcoa Center, PA 15069, USA). Pivonka, D. E., King, E. E., Fry, R. C., Sample pair modulation studies of organic molecular fragmentation in high powered microwave and inductively coupled plasmas, (Dept. Chem. , Willard Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA). Yamamoto, Y., Yamamoto, M., Yasuda, M., Hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry coupled with flow injection analysis for lead and tin, (Fukui Inst. Technol., Gakuen, Fukui 910, Japan). McCurdy, D. L., Fietkau, R., Clark, R. E., Wichman, M. D., Fry, R. C., Slurry atomisation ICP and DCP emission direct analysis of everything from solid biological tissues to refractory inorganic materials, (Dept. Chem., Willard Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA). Bradley, K.R., Olesik, J. W., Spatially and temporally resolved measurement of electron number densities in an ICP using a two-dimensional detector, (Dept. Chem., Venable and Kenan Lab. 045A, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA). Tikkanen, M. W., Goulter, J. E., Performance assessment of continuous flow hydride generation coupled to a low flow, low power sequential ICP spectrometer, (Applied Research Laboratories, Inc., 9545 Wentworth St., PO Box 129, Sunland, CA 91040, USA). Den, S.-J., Olesik, J. W., Supercritical fluid sample introduction for ICP spectrometry, (Dept. Chem. , Ven- able and Kenan Lab. 045A, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA). Genna, J. L., Predebon, R. E., Ruschak, M. L., Strobel, J. J., A generalised analytical method using microwave oven dissolution and ICP atomic emission spectroscopy, (Alu- minum Co.of America, Alcoa Technical Center, Alcoa Center, PA 15069, USA). Hurwitz, J. K., Pealstrom, K. C., A flexible computer program for d.c. plasma and optical emission spectro- metric analysis, (109 Leslie Rd., Monroeville, PA 15146, USA). McCreary, T. W., Yoon, R.-H., Long, G. L., Effect of organic gases on emission signals from slurries in the DCP, (Dept. Chem., Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA). Monnig, C. A., Marshall, K. A., Gebhart, B. D., Hieftje, G. M., Three-dimensional imaging of spectroscopic sources by tomographic reconstruction, (Dept. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405-4001, USA), Karanassios, V., Horlick, G., The instrument metaphor concept and its application to ICP-AES instrumentation, (Dept.Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). Marshall, K. A., Hieftje, G. M., The use of Thomson and Rayleigh scattering for simultaneous measurement of kinetic and electron temperatures in analytical plasmas, (Dept. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405- 4001, USA). Tatro, M. E., Direct STPF AAS analyses of serum aluminium using aqueous standards, (SPECTRA, At. Spectrosc. and Chromatogr. Specialists, PO Box 352, Pomtpon Lakes, NJ 07422, USA). Urasa, I. T., Ferede, F., The use of d.c. plasma as element selective detector for ion chromatographic determination of trace element species, (Dept. Chem., Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA 23668, USA). Vien, S. H., Page, R., Fry, R. C., Interference mechanisms and masking techniques for the analytical hydride pre- concentration (arsenic, selenium, etc.), (Dept. Chem., Willard Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506, USA).87/C1637. 87lC1638. 871C1639. 871C1640. 871C1641. 87lC1642. 871C1643. 871C1644. 871C1645. 871C1646. 87lC1647. 87/C 1648. 87/C1649. 87/C1650. 87lC1651. 87lC1652. 87K1653. Supp, G. R., The analysis of zinc and bismuth in organic accelerators for natural and synthetic rubbers by atomic absorption spectrometry, (R. T. Vanderbilt Co., E. Norwalk, CT 06855, USA). Hassett, D. J., Hassett, D. F., An extraction procedure for the determination of trace levels of molybdenum by atomic absorption, (Univ. North Dakota, Engineering Experi- ment Station, Box 8103, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA).Kane, J. S., Dorrzapf, A. F., Jr., Application of SIMAAC analysis to specific geochemical problems, (US Geol. Surv. Mail Stop 923, Reston, VA 22092, USA). Droessler, M. S., Holcombe, J. A., The vaporisation of selenium and nickel following solution deposition on a graphite surface, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA). Fietkau, R., Venkatesan, P., Clark, R. E., Fry, R. C., Slurry atomisation flame and graphite furnace atomic absorption direct analysis of whole, solid tissue samples, (Dept. Chem., Willard Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhat- tan, KS 66506, USA). Ueda, J., Miyanaga, K., Rains, T. C., Flameless atomic absorption spectrometric determination of tin after copre- cipitation with hafnium hyroxide, (Fac. Education, Kana- zawa Univ., Marunouchi, Kanazawa 920, Japan).Stec, R. J., Koirtyohann, S. R., Taylor, H. E., Reverse osmosis pre-concentrator for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA). Miyama, T., Fukui, I., In-depth analysis of surface treated steel sheets by glow discharge lamp emission spec- trometry, (Shimadzu Corp., 1 Nishinokyo-Kuwabaracho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604, Japan). Carnrick, G. R., Giddings, R. C., Slavin, W., Barnett, W. B., Determination of barium using graphite furnace atomic absorption, (Perkin-Elmer Corp., 761 Main Ave., Norwalk, CT 06859-0906, USA). Voth-Beach, L. M., Graphite furnace AA: reduced interferences with palladium - H2 matrix modification, (Varian Instrument Group, AA Resource Center, 205 W.Touhy Ave., Park Ridge, IL 60068, USA). Aryamanya-Mugisha, H., Green, R. B., Williams, R., The microarc as an excitation source for atomic emission spectroscopy, (Dept. Chem., Ohio Univ., Athens, OH 45701, USA). Rettberg, T. M., Holcombe, J. A., Direct solids analysis by GFA: metallurgical samples, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA). Tatro, M. E., Development of flame AAS and ICP methods for the analyses of Al, Na and Si in zeolites, (SPECTRA, At. Spectrosc. and Chromatogr. Specialists, PO Box 352, Pompton Lakes, NJ 07442, USA). Klunder, G. L., Boss, C. B., Study of cobalt(II1) com- plexes using uniform isolated droplet introduction in flame AAS, (Dept. Chem., North Carolina State Univ., Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA). Anderson, D.G., Weiss, A. D., Boss, C. B., Optimisation of tandem flame spectrometry for the analysis of metals, (Dept. Chem., North Carolina State Univ., Box 8204, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA). Routh, M. W., Athanasopoulos, N., Chapple, G. E., Liddell, P. R., The application of a new furnace atomic absorption system to environmental analysis, (Applied Research Laboratories Inc., 9545 Wentworth St., Sun- land, CA 91040, USA). Attiyat, A. S., Effect of non-aqueous solvents on chemical analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry , (Chem. Dept., Yarmouk Univ., Irbid, Jordan).204R JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY, OCTOBER 1987, VOL. 2 87/C1654. Slavin, W., Carnrick, G. R., Manning, D. C., Characteris- tic mass values for graphite furnace AAS, (Perkin-Elmer Corp., 901 Ethan Allen Hwy., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA).87/C1655. McNally, J., Holcombe, J. A., Vaporisation mechanisms from metal microdroplets and electrothermal atomisers, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA). 87/C1656. Adnan, A., Gilbert, T. R., Hildebrand, K. J., Evaluation of a dual grid nebuliser for spectrochemical analysis with the inductively coupled plasma, (Dept. Chem., North- eastern Univ., Boston, MA 02115, USA). 87/C1657. Dulude, G. R., Pfeil, D. L., Sotera, J. J., A critical look at the method of standard additions in furnace AAS, (Thermo Jarrell-Ash, 590 Lincoln St., Waltham, MA 02254, USA). 87/C1658. Vollkopf, U., Baasner, J., Grobenski, Z., Water analysis by automated AAS, (Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co. GmbH, PO Box 1120, D-7770 Uberlingen, FRG).87/C1659. Ward, G. K., The evolution of ICP AA technology and analytical methodologies for inorganic analysis of environ- mental samples, (US Environ. Protection Agency Office of Emergency and Remedial Response (WH-548A), 401 M St., SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA). 87/C1660. Gallimore, D., Bentley, G. E., Wangen, L., Quintana, M., Salit, M. L., Evaluation of a multi-element simplex procedure for a large (up to 42 elements) ICP-AES system, (Los Alamos Natl. Lab., CLS-1, MS G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA). 87/C1661. Kinsey, W. J., Oelke, B. D., A comparison of AA, DCP-AES and ICP-AES for the analysis of water and waste, (Applied Research Laboratories Inc., Brea, CA 87/C1662. Mann, D. L., Analysis of boron in contaminated shrimp by inductively coupled argon plasma spectrophotometry, (McCrone Environ.Services Inc., 200 Oakbrook Business Center, 5500 Oakbrook Parkway, Norcross, GA 30093, USA). 87/C1663. Condit, D. A,, Smeggil, J. G., Ward, I. W., Huneke, J. C., The determination of indigenous sulphur in nickel-based superalloys by glow disharge mass spectrometry, (United Technologies Res. Center, Mail Stop 94, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA). 87/C1664. Satzger, R. D., Fricke, F. L., Caruso, J. A., A comparison of microwave induced and inductively coupled plasma sources for elemental mass spectrometric determinations, (Elemental Anal. Res. Center, Food and Drug Adminis- tration, 1141 Central Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45202, USA). 87/C1665. Vickers, G. H., Wilson, D. A., Hieftje, G.M., Pressure and temperature effects in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, (Dept.Chem., Indiana Univ., Blooming- ton, IN 47405-4001, USA). 87K1666. Vickers, G. H., Wilson, D. A., Hieftje, G. M., Alternative ion sources for plasma source mass spectrometry, (Dept. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405-4001, USA). 87/C1667. Houk, R. S., Jiang, S.-J., Rowan, J. T., Instrumental improvements in inductively coupled plasma mass spec- trometry, (Ames Lab.-USDOE and Dept. Chem., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA). 87/C1668. Anderau, C., Pruszkowski, E., Yates, D. A., Performance of a molded high-solids nebuliser, (Perkin-Elmer Corp., 761 Main Ave., Norwalk, CT 0659-0906, USA). 87/C1669. Brown, P. G., Caruso, J. A,, Satzger, R. D., Fricke, F. L., Helium microwave induced plasma mass spectrometry for the positive ion analysis of non-metals, (Dept.Chem., Univ. Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA). 87/C1670. Ethier, R. L., An automated apparatus for the rapid sodium peroxide fusion of metallurgical samples for ICP-AES analysis, (Inco Ltd., Central Process Technol- ogy, Copper Cliff, Ontario POM 1N0, Canada). 92621-6209, USA). 87/C1671. Fredeen, K. J., Pruszkowski, E., Yates, D. A., Using the ICP for analysis of semiconductor processing chemicals, (Perkin-Elmer Corp., 761 Main Ave., Norwalk, CT 871C1672. Hitch, G. L., Hackman, J. R., Wichman, M. D., Determi- nation of trace lead in calcined inorganic pigments by DCP emission spectroscopy, (The Shepherd Color Company, 4585 Dues Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45246, USA). 87/C1673. Demers, D.R., Improved detection limits in ICP atomic fluorescence spectrometry using a high efficiency pneu- matic nebuliser and aerosol desolvation, (Baird Corp., 125 Middlesex Turnpike, Bedford, MA 01730, USA). 87/C1674. Williamsen, E. J., Olesik, J. W., Fundamental and applied studies of matrix effects and precision in ICP spec- trometry, (Dept. Chem., Venable and Kenan Lab. 045A, Univ. North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA). 87/C1675. Houk, R. S., Inductively coupled plasma mass spec- trometry: an overview, (Ames Lab.-USDOE and Dept. Chem., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011, USA). 87/C1676. Gray, A. L., Origins, principles and performance of ICP-MS, (Dept. Chem., Univ. Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 5XH, UK). 87/C1677. Horlick, G., Tan, S. H., Vaughan, M. A., Lam, J., Matrix effects and interferences in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, (Dept.Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). 87/C1678. McLaren, J. W., Beauchemin, D., Berman, S. S., ICP-MS analysis of marine reference materials, (Anal. Chem. Section, Chem. Div., Natl. Res. Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A OR9, Canada). 87/C1679. Meddings, B., Ng, R., Some practical applications of an ICP-MS instrument, (Sherritt Gordon Mines Ltd., Research Centre, Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta T8L 2P2, Canada). 87/C1680. Condit, D. A., Gerstung, C. H., Cowher, M. E., Shuskus, A. J., Direct gas analysis of transportable metal organic contaminants by ICP-AES, (United Technologies Res. Cent., E. Hartford, CT 06108, USA). 87/C1681. Vozzella, P. A., The determination of yttrium in complex alloys using microwave dissolution and ICP-AES, (United Technologies Res.Cent., E. Hartford, CT 06108, USA). 87/C1682. Soman, R., Gilbert, T. R., A miniature electrothermal 06859-0906, USA). 87/C 87/C vaporisation cell featuring a NbC-coated heating element for plasma emission spectroscopy, (Dept. Chem., North- eastern Univ., Boston, MA 02115, USA). 683. Gilbert, T. R., Sandoval, J. E., Evaluation of the ashing rotrode as an excitation source of the spectroscopic determination of trace elements in oils, (Dept. Chem., Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA 02115, USA). 684. Hieftje, G. M., Bright, F. V., Galante, L. J., Pearce, M. J., Rezaaiyaan, R., Selby, M., A surfatron for all seasons, (Dept. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA).87/C1685. Luffer, D. R., David, P. A., Selby, M., Galante, L. J., Hieftje, G. M., Novotny, M., Surface-wave-sustained microwave-induced plasma as a detector for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography, (Dept. Chem., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA). 87/C1686. Montaser, A., Chan, S.-K., Koppenaal, D. W., An 871 871 atmospheric pressure helium inductively coupled plasma as an ion source for mass spectrometry, (Dept. Chem., George Washington Univ., Washington, DC 20052, USA). Zorn, H., Stiefel, Th., Porcher, H., Clinical and analytical follow up of 25 persons exposed accidentally to beryllium, Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 1986, 12, 163. (Univ. Stuttgart, Stuttgart, FRG). Lepsi, P., Horakova, L., Maskova, H., Determination of zinc in plasma, serum and urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Prac.Lek., 1986,38,355. (Inst. Hyg. 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Seong Lee, B., Yoshimura, E., Tanaka, Y., Saitoh, J . , Yamazaki, S., Toda, S., Combination of wet charring and dry ashing suitable for the determination of trace metals in oily foodstuffs by graphite furnace AAS, Bunseki Kagaku, 1986,35, T120. (Dept. Agric. Chem., Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan). Uden, P. C., Slatkavitz, K. J., Barnes, R. M., Deming, R. L., Empirical and molecular formula determination by gas chromatography - microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 1986, 180, 401.(Dept. Chem., Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA). Sweileh, J. A., Lucyk, D., Kratochvil, B., Cantwell, F. F., Specificity of the ion exchange - atomic absorption method for free copper(I1) species determination in natural waters, Anal. Chem., 1987,59, 586. (Dept. Chem., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada). Verlinden, J., Gijbels, R., Adams, F., Applications of spark-source mass spectrometry in the analysis of semicon- ductor materials. A review, J. Anal. At. Spectrorn., 1986, 1, 411. (Dept. Chem., Univ. Antwerp (UIA), B-2610 Wilrij k , Belgium). Simonsen, K. W., Nielsen, B., Jensen, A., Andersen, J. R., Direct microcomputer controlled determination of zinc in human serum by flow injection atomic absorption spec- trometry, J. Anal. At.Spectrom., 1986, 1, 453. (Dept. Chem. AD, Royal Danish Sch. Pharm., 2 Universitetspar- ken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark). Capitan, F., “Gazquez, D., Sanchez, M., Capitan-Vallvey, L. F., Determination of iron by atomic absorption spectrometry after synergistic extraction of the iron(II1) - 5,5‘-methylenedisalicylohydroxamate - tributyl phosphate complex, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1986, 1, 457. (Dept. Anal. Chem., Fac. Sci., Univ. Granada, Granada, Spain). Potts, P. J., Webb, P. C., Watson, J. S., Silicate rock analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence using a cobalt anode X-ray tube. Part I. Optimisation of excitation conditions for chromium, vanadium, barium and the major elements, J. Anal. At. 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Chem., Imperial College of Sci. and Technol., London SW7 2AY, UK). 8711 702. 8711703. 8711 704. 8711705. 8711706. 8711707. 8711708. 87/1709. 87/17 10. 871171 1. 87/1712. 8711713. 8711714. VOL. 2 205R Ramsey, M. H., Thompson, M., Walton, S. J., Self-matrix effects as a cause of calibration curvature in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1987,2,33. (Appl. Geochem. Res. Group, Dept. Geol., Imperial College of Sci. and Technol., London SW7 2BP, UK). Ebdon, L., Wilkinson, J. R., Direct atomic spectrometric analysis by slurry atomisation. Part 1. Optimisation of whole coal analysis by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, J . Anal. At. Spectrom., 1987,2,39. (Dept. Environ.Sci., Plymouth Polytech., Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK). Voth-Beach, L. M., Shrader, D. E., Investigations of a reduced palladium chemical modifier for graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, J . Anal. At. Spectrorn., 1987, 2, 45. 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