A statistical methodology using ranking and selection procedures should have many useful applications for quality engineers. This consists of a body of techniques which can, for example, be used to (1) identify the best process among several, (2) identify those processes that are better than others, (3) rank completely all processes with respect to some measurable characteristic, or (4) identify those processes that are better than a control or specified standard, while, in each case controlling the probability that the identification or ranking is correct. The basic concepts underlying those procedures are introduced, the methodology is explained and numerical examples are given. The procedures frequently involve determination of the sample size required to meet specified criteria.