Data on polymorphic phase changes and variation of melting temperature of the elements with pressure have been compiled and critically evaluated. Emphasis has been placed on work done at pressures exceeding 1 kbar. Pressure‐temperature phase diagrams showing first‐order solid‐solid phase boundaries and/or melting curves derived from the best available data are given for 58 elements. Information on the crystal structures of high‐pressure polymorphs is also reviewed. Those elements that exist in the gaseous state at room temperature and pressure are not included.