ObjectiveArterial distensibility is reduced in end-stage renal failure and also after renal transplantation. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that reduced carotid artery distensibility is a predictor of cardiovascular disease in patients after renal transplantation.Subjects and methodsSixty-eight asymptomatic renal transplant recipients were studied between March 1990 and December 1992, 3–6 months after transplantation. The mean duration of follow-up was 95±2 months (mean±SEM). At entry, vessel wall movements of the common carotid artery were recorded using a pulsed multigate Doppler system; blood pressure was measured by sphygmomanometry.ResultsNineteen cardiovascular events (CVE) occurred during follow-up, leading to death in six cases. The distensibility coefficient of the common carotid artery was significantly lower in patients with CVE than in those without CVE (12.2±1.0 10−3/kPa versus 16.8±0.7 10−3/kPa,P<0.005). Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of cardiovascular disease during follow-up was related to carotid artery distensibility (P<0.05), independent of sex, age, smoking habits, carotid artery end-diastolic diameter, systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, heart rate, serum creatinine, cholesterol and haemoglobin levels. Patients with a distensibility coefficient above the age-adjusted mean had a significantly longer interval free of cardiovascular disease than patients with a distensibility coefficient below the age-adjusted mean (P<0.01).ConclusionsThe distensibility of the common carotid artery is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in renal transplant recipients.