Recurrent brief depression (RBD) fulfils DSM-IV criteria for major depression, with the exception of the duration of the depressive episodes. Recent epidemiological studies have confirmed the existence of RBD and estimated that it has a high prevalence in the general population and in general practice (approximately 10%). These studies also indicate a high comorbidity of RBD with attempted suicide, other forms of depression, anxiety disorders and substance abuse.At present, data on the treatment of this disorder are sparse. Results from the few preliminary treatment studies that have been performed to date do not indicate that antidepressants are the treatment of choice. However, the mechanism of action and appropriate dosage of antidepressants in this disorder and the influence of comorbid disorders on treatment response have not yet been addressed sufficiently. Studies in carefully selected patient samples with RBD using various pharmacological approaches are required to further clarify which drugs might be specifically effective in this disorder.