Labial surfaces of 64 bovine incisors (8 teeth/treatment) were subjected to 1-min treatment with (1) 500 ppm Sr, (2) 0.5% I2 plus 1 % KI solution, (3) F varnish treatment (Duraphat®) for 24 h, or (4) combined treatments. The treated teeth were incubated under an artificial Streptococcus sobrinus plaque for 10 days. The ‘oral fluid’ with maleate buffer (pH 5.8) partially saturated with Ca3(PO4)2 and with or without 3.3% sucrose or sucrose plus 25 ppm F, was replaced by a mixture containing thioglycolate broth and the buffer for 4 h daily. This was done in an attempt to maintain the viability of the plaque as it was not renewed. Analysis of the Ca and inorganic P in the ñuid phase taken after the 1st and the 10th day of incubation indicated that complete protection was obtained with F varnishing plus 25 ppm F in the fluid, with added sucrose. The Sr plus F treatment was more protective than F or Sr alone. The iodine treatment was slightly protective when combined with F varnishing. The results of the enamel surface and subsurface F and Sr as well as measurements of surface microhardness also indicated the highest protective effect with the double-F treatment and a marked protection provided by the Sr plus F treatment. The efficacy of the double-F treatment was partly explained by the prevention of a fall in ‘plaque’ pH and partly by the release of bacterial inorganic P in the extracellular fluid. The present caries model is versatile in quantification of changes in numerous parameters (14 parameters measured) involved in the caries-like process and its i