SummaryThe clinical histories of eight patients with posterior mediastinal“goître”and some brief notes on pathology, signs and therapy of this rather unfrequent localisation of intrathoracic goïtre are discussed. It is emphasized that as soon as the diagnosis is established, the sooner if it is not, excision is the only therapeutic measure worthwhile. Postlateral thoracotomy, in some instances combined with cervical incision, seems to be the best procedure in these cases.However, while establishing differential diagnosis it should be remembered that these“posterior goîtres”are almost exclusively located to the right of the mediastinum in anteroposterior chest roentgenograms.