Reemergence and Emergence ofIps avulsusandIps calligraphus(Coleoptera: Scolytidae)
作者:
Richard O. Flamm,
Stephen P. Cook,
Terence L. Wagner,
Paul E. Pulley,
Robert N. Coulson,
期刊:
Environmental Entomology
(OUP Available online 1987)
卷期:
Volume 16,
issue 4
页码: 869-876
ISSN:0046-225X
年代: 1987
DOI:10.1093/ee/16.4.869
出版商: Oxford University Press
关键词: Ips;Scolytidae;reemergence;emergence;survivorship;brood production
数据来源: OUP
摘要:
Reemergence and emergence ofIps avulsus(Eichhoff) andIps calligraphus(Germar) were studied in twelve loblolly pines,Pinus taedaL. Reemergence peaked at 22.2–42.2% of the infestation time span forI. avulsusand 25.5–44.7% forI. calligraphus, depending on bole height. Reemergence continued up to 60% of the infestation time forI. avulsusand 63.8% forI. calligraphus. Seventy-five percent of the attackingI. avulsusand 64% of the attackingI. calligraphusreemerged. Emergence began at 31.1–53.3% of the infestation period forI. avulsusand 51.1–68.1% forI. calligraphus, depending on bole height. Emergence resulted in a per-capita production of 1.41 and 1.43 brood beetles per adult beetle forI. avulsusandI. calligraphus, respectively. Brood survivorship averaged 13.6% forI. avulsusand 4.5% forI. calligraphus. A three-parameter nonlinear function was used to describe reemergence and emergence in relation to time. The proportion of maleI. avulsusto total reemerged and emerged beetles was 0.467 and 0.476, respectively. The proportion of males forI. calligraphusreemergence and emergence was 0.278 and 0.480. For both species, higher proportions of males reemerged early followed by increasing proportions of females. During emergence, females were in higher proportions early, followed by increasing proportions of males.
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