Insect and bird pests infesting pearl millet in India have been listed and research work reviewed. White grubsHolotrichiaspp. and shootfly,Atherigona approximateare most important pests, besidesMyllocerusspp. (grey weevil),Marasmia trapezalis(leaf roller),Autoba (Eublemma) silicula(earhead worm) andPeregrinus maidis(plant hopper).Rhinyptiaspp. (adults) andHeliothis (Helicoverpa) armigerain the north-western arid zones and earhead midge in the south are becoming important pests. New pests as a result of host cross over are continuously being recorded.