Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is an acute febrile nephropathy caused by several viruses of the genus Hantavirus of the family Bunyaviridae. During the past 8 years, 32 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome have been diagnosed. Nine out of the 32 patients (28%) had raised (twofold upper normal limits) trans-aminases during hospitalization. Four out of the nine patients (44%) died. In contrast, only three out of the 23 patients (13%) without raised transaminases died. Five patients had slightly increased serum alkaline phospha-tase and γ-glutamyl-transpeptidase, whereas six patients had prolonged prothrombin time. Liver histology showed midzonal necrosis in hepatic lobules with extravasation of red cells and mild mononuclear infiltrate. Liver involvement seems to be an ominous prognostic factor in such patients and is correlated with severe renal failure and thrombocytopenia.