ObjectiveAnimal data suggest that neuroactive steroids, such as 3&agr;,5&agr;-tetrahydroprogesterone (3&agr;,5&agr;-THP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and its sulfated metabolite (DHEA-S), are involved in the modulation of eating behavior, aggressiveness, mood, and anxiety. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are eating disorders characterized by abnormal eating patterns, depressive and anxious symptoms, enhanced aggressiveness, and endocrine alterations. Previous studies reported decreased blood levels of DHEA and DHEA-S in small samples of anorexic patients, whereas no study has been performed to evaluate the secretion of these neuroactive steroids in BN as well as the production of 3&agr;,5&agr;-THP in both AN and BN. Therefore, we measured plasma levels of DHEA, DHEA-S, 3&agr;,5&agr;-THP and other hormones in patients with AN or BN and explored possible relationships between neuroactive steroids and psychopathology.MethodNinety-two women participated in the study. There were 30 drug-free AN patients, 32 drug-free BN patients, and 30 age-matched, healthy control subjects. Blood samples were collected in the morning for determination of hormone levels. Eating-related psychopathology, depressive symptoms, and aggressiveness were rated by using specific psychopathological scales.ResultsCompared with healthy women, both AN and BN patients exhibited increased plasma levels of 3&agr;,5&agr;-THP, DHEA, DHEA-S, and cortisol but reduced concentrations of 17&bgr;-estradiol. Plasma testosterone levels were decreased in anorexic women but not in bulimic women. Plasma levels of neuroactive steroids were not correlated with any clinical or demographic variable.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate increased morning plasma levels of peripheral neuroactive steroids in anorexic and bulimic patients. The relevance of such hormonal alterations to the pathophysiology of eating disorders remains to be elucidated.