The nature of ferromanganese concretions from the eastern gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
作者:
V. A. Zhamoida,
W. P. Butylin,
G. P. Glasby,
I. A. Popova,
期刊:
Marine Georesources & Geotechnology
(Taylor Available online 1996)
卷期:
Volume 14,
issue 2
页码: 161-176
ISSN:1064-119X
年代: 1996
DOI:10.1080/10641199609388309
出版商: Taylor & Francis Group
关键词: Baltic Sea;ferromanganese concretions;Gulf of Finland
数据来源: Taylor
摘要:
As a result of favorable environmental conditions, ferromanganese concretions in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland achieve the highest levels of abundance and variability found in shallow‐water environments. The abundance of the Mn‐rich spheroidal concretions concentrated in the most prospective fields in the Russian sector of the Gulf of Finland reaches 50 kg/m2, and the total weight of these concretions is calculated to be about 6 million tonnes. This weight is considered to be relatively constant with time because of the cyclic processes of growth and dissolution of the concretions. The spheroidal concretions contain on average 33.8% MnO2, 20.2% Fe2O3, and 2.7% P2OS. The concentrations of Cu, Ni, Zn, Mo, etc., in the concretions are near the regional background levels. The contents of these elements have increased during the last few decades as a result of the anthropogenic input of the metals into the Baltic. The growth rate of the spheroidal concretions is calculated to be about 0.03–0.08 mm/yr. The technology of extraction of Mn from the Mn‐rich spheroidal concretions has been developed by the Hypronikel Institute in St Petersburg. This will permit the commercial recovery of these concretions in the future.
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