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Side Scattering of Sound in Shallow Water

 

作者: R. J. Urick,  

 

期刊: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America  (AIP Available online 1960)
卷期: Volume 32, issue 3  

页码: 351-355

 

ISSN:0001-4966

 

年代: 1960

 

DOI:10.1121/1.1908061

 

出版商: Acoustical Society of America

 

数据来源: AIP

 

摘要:

When a sound beam travels through the sea, it is scattered in all directions by inhomegeneities of various sorts in the sea and on its boundaries. In the backward direction, the aggregate of all the scattered contributions is called “reverberation.” In other directions, the “side scattering” can be studied by using two directional transducers, trained so that the beams cross each other, to measure the sound scattered out of one beam and received on the other. This method was employed in an off‐shore area in the Gulf of Mexico having a particularly uniform bottom. Using two bottomed transducers a mile and a half apart, the intensity of scattering was measured at 22 kc for different angular orientations of the two beams. The measurements were reduced to the coefficient, scattering strength, without requiring either transducer calibrations or direct measurements of transmission loss.The results indicate a bottom scattering strength between −30 and −40 db having no appreciable dependence on angle between the two beams. Within the angular range from the backward direction around to 150° in the forward direction, the scattering appears isotropic. This indicates that isotropic bottom scattering may be safely assumed in applications utilizing separated transmitting and receiving transducers at kilocycle frequencies.

 

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