&NA;Recent advances in the biology of colorectal polyposis may permit the evolution of strategies for the management of colorectal polyps. Molecular genetic studies have identified mutations in both inherited and sporadic polyps. Epidemiologic studies suggest personal habits and characteristics that may predispose individuals to higher risk of developing polyposis. Better understanding of the adenoma‐to‐carcinoma sequence suggests guidelines for screening, treatment, and follow‐up. Research in the area of pharmacotherapy offers options for prevention and treatment. These advances may contribute to the reduction of morbidity and mortality from colorectal carcinoma.