AbstractThe so-called ‘linear model’ of science translating into technology which provides the impetus for social and economic progress is incomplete. An interactive model takes into account that the relationship between science, technology and society is not uni-directional. The conclusion is that social science is an integral, not merely a marginal, activity in understanding the process whereby scientific excellence and technological innovation may lead to economic and social well-being. There remain formidable obstacles to achieving this integration.