MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. M i n e r a l o g i c a l Chemistry. 11 t Native Lead in Sweden. By L. J. IGELSTROM (Jahrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Mem., 32--36).-The Pajsberg manganese and iron ore mine twenty years .. ago yielded small quantities of native lead. At the Sjo mine in Orebro, the author discovered on January 24, 1889, this rare native metal in the neotokite (black manganese silicate) in the form of small laminae with brilliant lustre. It closely resembles electrolytically deposited lead. The neotokite occurs in dolomite, and is accompanied by specular iron ore. B. H. B. Atacamite in Chili. By L. DARAPSKY (Juhrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Mem., l--18).-The author gives a complete bibliographyof the subject,, as well as the results of his own investigations. On comparing the results of all the analyses published, it is found impossible to refer all the occurrences of atacamite to a typical formula, although the formula CuC1,,3Cu0,3~Hz0 is the closest approximation.The irregular development of the crystals and variations in the angles appear to indicate that atacamite is not a mineralogical unit, but, like the felspars, is composed of two or more members. The terminal members are believed to be CuClZ,3Cu0,3HzO and CuCI2,4Cu0,6H20. With reference to the formation of atacamite, the auhhor shows that processes producing a similar compound in the laboratory are impossible in nature. Tbe only processes worthy of consideration arc the formation by heating a mixture of basic copper nitrate and sodium chloride at 20O0, or a mixture of the former with copper sulphate and sodium chloride at 100".The presence of gypsum and calcite in the deposits and the intimate mixture of ferric oxide and cuprous oxide, however, clearly point to pyrites and similar minerals as the mother substances, which probably were highly decomposed before they came into contact with' the salt of the sea-water. In all probability, the principal cementing material of the aqueous oxy- chloride is water, and it is impossible for atacamite to have been formed by a replacement of the water of hydration of the chloride by oxide. B. H. B. Cerium and Yttrium Phosphates from South Norway, By C. W. BLOMSTRAND (Jahrb. f. Nin., 1889, ii, Ref. 44-46, from Geol.112 ABSTRACTS OF OHEMIOAL PAPERS. Fb'ren. i Stockholm fGrhandl., 9, 160.)-The author gives the results of analyses of monazite from Moss (light brown crystals), from Dillingsii (1.large fragments with crystal planes, and 2. small, prismat,ic crystals), from Moss (large, orange crystals), from Lonneby (large prismatic crystals, 1. brownish-yellow, and 2. ash-grey), from Arendal, from Naresto, and from Hvalo (1. large, yellowish-brown crystals, and 2. violet-brown lump). From the results of these nine analyses, the author concludes that the monazites are normal salts of tribasic phosphoric acid, with the excess of bases in combination wit,h siliuic acid. In conclusion, the author gives the results of two analyses of xenotime from Hvalo and from Naresto. B. H. B. Pleonectite, a New Mineral from Sweden. By L. J. IGELSTR~M (Jahrb. f. LWin., 1889, ii, Mem., 40--43).-At the Sjo mine, Orebro, this new mineral has been found in narrow veins in a mixture of haus- mnnnite, rhodonite, and calcite.It occurs in association with arsenio- pleite. It has a greyish-white colour, a hardness of 4, and a vitreous lustre. I t does not occur in crystals. A qualitative analysis indicated that the mineral is a chlorine-bearing lead antimonio-arsenate, with an inconsiderable proportion of water. I n composition and appearance, i t most closely resembles hedyphme, a mineral discovered by Breitbaupt in 1830, but is distinguished from that mineral by its infusibility before the blowpipe. The suggested name is derived from T ~ O V ~ C T ~ W (to have more) in allusion to the antimony minerals already discovered in the Sjo mine.A quantitative analysis of pleoneotite will subsequently be published, B. H. B. Synthesis of Quartz, Corundum, &c. By W. BRUHNS (Jahrb. f Mia., 1889, ii, Mem., 62-65).--By the investigations of DaubrBe, St. Claire-Deville, Hautefeuille, De Chronstchoff, and Doelter, the action of fluorine as mineralising agent has been widely recognised. Whereas these investigators invariably worked with high temperatures, the author bas succeeded in obtaining similar results with temperatures not exceeding 300°, and with high Rteam pressure. His apparatus consists of, a firmly closed platinum crucible hermetically sealed in a steel case. By placing freshly precipitated ferric hydrate in the apparatus with ammonium fluoride, and heating for 10 hours at 250°, the author obtained crystallised ferric oxide. Freshly precipitated and ignited alumina, heated with water and a trace of ammonium fluoride for 10 hours at 300°, yielded hexagonal pyramids of corundum Quartz crystals were obtained in a similar manner from amorphous silica.A remarkable result was obtained by acting with hydrofluoric acid on pulverised potash-felspar. The felspar employed was micro- cline, having the following percentage composition : - Si02. A120,. K20. Na,O. Total. 64-33 18.61 13.49 3.56 99.99 After heating for 53 hours with hydrofluoric acid at 30O0,small crystals of tridymite were obtained ; whilst the lid of the platinum vessel was covered with a crust of an isotropic regular compound ofMINERALOGICAL OHEMISTRY. 113 silica, aluminn, potash, and fluorine, Experiments made with the expectation of obtaining titanic anhydride, tin oxide, andalnsite, and topaz were unsuccessful. Another experiment, in which powdered iron was mixed with ferric oxide, amorphous titanic anhydride, and hydrofluoric acid, yielded crystals of titaniferous iron and magnetite.B. H. B. Formation of Silicates. By J. LEMBERG (Juhrh. f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref., 34-36 ; from Zeit. deutsch. geol. Ges., 39, 559).-By the action of solutions of various sodium silicates on kaolin at high temperatures, the author has obtained zeolites of the analcime series. In nature only one member of this series is known. By treatment with potassium salts, the analcimes obtained were converted into the corresponding members of the (anhydrous) leucite series. Of this series, too, only one member occurs in nature. Leucites containing a proportion of silica different from that of the mineral leucite, appear to be split u p at a high temperature into orthoclase and leucite. By the action of kaolin on solutions of potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate, re- spectively, at a high temperature, a potassium-nepheline or cancrinite was formed; in both cases carbonic anhydride was also formed.This suggests a new source for carbonic anhydride in nature, kaolin itself being able to drive out the carbonic acid from the alkali car- bonates. This change may also be effected if kaolin i 4 mixed with calcium carbonate aiid subjected to the action of a hot solution of sodium chloride or potassium chloride, when calcium chloride is formed, and subsequently alkali carbonate, which acts on the kaolin.These reactions lead the author to speculate as to the genesis of cancrinite and analcime, and of felspar and elaolite in the preseiice of cancrinite. B. H. B. Mineralogy of the French Creek Mines. By J. EGERMAN (JahrG. f. Min., 1859, ii, Ref. 17--18).-1n the shafts of ft magnetite mine at French Creek, Pennsylvania, the following minerals have been met with : iron pyrites, copper pyrites, apophyllite, desrnine, and garnet in large crystals, and small crystals of calcite, orthoclase, pyroxene, and aragonite ; masses of pyrallolite and erythrite, and needles of byssolite in calcite. Perfect crystals of apophyllite, 14 mm. side, gave on analysis the following results :- Si02. CaO. K20. H,O. Total. Sp. gr.51.63 25.42 6.27 16.58 99.90 2.35 An analysis of the desmine gave- SiOp AlzO,. CaO. MgO. E20. H,O. Total. 58.00 13.40 7.80 1-40 1.03 18.30 99-93 B. H. B. Calamine and Apophyllite from the United States. YOL. LVIII. i By J. EGERMAN (Jahrb..f. JIin., 1889, ii, Ref. 256; from Proc. Acnd. Nat. S c i . Philadelphia, 1889, 32--35).-The author gives analyses of (I)114 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. calamine from Friedensville, New Jersey, and of (11) apophyllite from St. Peters, Chester Co., Pennsylvania. The results are a.s follows :- SiOP Fe203. ZnO. CaO. K20, H20. Total. I. 24.32 2.12 65.05 - - 7.86 99.35 11. 51.63 - - 25.42 6.25 16.58 99.88 The sp. gr. of the apophyllite is 2.35. B. H. B. Anthochroite, a New Mineral from Sweden.. By L. J. IGELSTROU (Juhrb. f.Min., 1889, ii, Mem., 36--39).-At Jacobsberg, in Wermland, there are two mines, one yielding braunite, the other hausmannite. Both mines are in the same Archaan limestone sur- rounded by granulite. The new mineral is met with only in the braunite mine. It is obtained by dissolving the braunite in hydro- chloric acid. I t also occurs in association with garnet, idocrrtse, manganese-epidote, mica, and all the minerals known at this mine, and it is met with in narrow veins in the limestone. The grains are optically biaxial. The hardness is 5+, and the chemical composition as follows :- The violet residue is anthochroite. Si02. MnO. CaO. MgO. M,03 and Fe20,. K20 and NhO. Total. 51.6 3.4 23.3 13-5 1 *4 [6*8] 100.00 The mineral is thus a bisilicate of lime, magnesia, and manganese.Violan and richterite resemble it in composition, but not in appear- ance and optical properties. The name, derived from (L*vOos, flower, and XpGpa, colour, is considered suitable on account of the brilliant colour of the new mineral and of the mixture in which it occurs. Tourmaline-bearing Copper Ores from Chili. By A. v. GRODDECK (J0hrb.f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref. 113-115 ; from Zeit. deutsch. geol, Ges., 1887, 239-266) .-The association of tourmaline with Chilian copper ores has been previously noticed. The author has examined a series of ores from Tamaya, in which this association is well exhibited, the tourmaline occurring both in the sulphnretted and oxidised copper ores and also in the calcite and quartz gangue and in the spathose, quartzose, micaceous, and chloritic containing- rocks.The crystals are mostly 0.1 to 0.5 mm. in length, and are strongly pleochrok. Si02. A1203. B203. FeO. CaO. MgO. N+O. K20. H2O. F. Total. 36.34 32.22 10.87 8.31 0.79 3.92 3.14 0.22 3.89 trace 99.70 Natrolite from Monte Baldo. By G. LUZZATTO (Jahrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref. 28 ; from Riuista di iilineralogia e Cristallograjia italiana, 4, 54-55) .-Carefully selected, clear and transparent crystals gave on analysis the following results :- SiO,. A1203. Na20. CaO. H20. Total. B. H. B. On analysis they yielded- B. H. B. 4'7.16 26.76 16.18 0.28 9.57 99.95 These results correspond with the formula Na,A1,Si,Olo + 2H,O. B. H. B.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 115 Eruptive Rocks of the Rhone. By H. LENK (Jahrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref.74-79 ; from Xitzber. Wurtzburger phys.-nzed. Ges., 1886).-The author gives the results of a microscopic examination of the constitution of the eruptive rocks of the Rhone. Eigbt analyses are given of the various rocks. The author distinguishes seven groups of these rocks :-1. phonolites ; 2. glass basalts (limburgit,e) ; 3. nepheline basalts ; 4. felspar basalts ; 5 . nepheline-plagioclnse basalts (identical with basanite) ; 6. hornblende basalts ; 7. dolorites. The Transcaspian Naphtha District. By H. SJ~GREN ( J U I ! , ~ . f. Min., 1889, ii, Reef. 102-105, from Juhrb. k. k. geoZ. Reichsunst., 37, 47--62).-The author has subjected the mud from the Baku mud volcanoes to careful examination, and .found i t to yield on analysis :- Si02. A1,03. FenOJ. MnO. MgO. CaO.KnO. Na.20. B20. Total. B. H. B. 57.98 15.60 9.66 0.40 4.52 1-08 3.25 1.34 5.75 99-56: The microscopic investigation showed that the principal consti- tuents were isotropic, glassy grains, frequently very impure, pure whibe and reddish-hrown, isotropic grains, a pyroxenic niinenl, green amphibole, felspar with and without twinning striation, quartz, calcite in rhombohedrs, magnetite, and iron pyrites. Tile remainder of the paper deals with the geology of the district, the author con- cluding that the naphtha emanates from great depths. B. H. B. An nndescribed Meteoric Iron from East Tennessee. By F. A. GENTH (Jahrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref. 42; from PTOC. Acad. Xat. Sciences of PhiZadeZph.ia).-This meteorite appears to have fallen in 1860 at a distzmce of 10 miles from Cleveland, East Tennessee.Its original weight was about 1154 kilos. The mean of three analyses gav- Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. P. S. Total. Sp. gr. 89-60 8.80 0.67 0.12 0.32 0.01 99-52 7-.521 B. H. B. Meteorites of Alfianello and Concepcion. By C. FRIEDHE131 (Jahrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref., 278-279; from Sitz-Ber. d. k. preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 13, 345--36i).-The analysis of the meteorite of Alfianello gave 7.92 per cent. nickel-iron (I), 7.78 troilite, 0.60 chrome- iron, 37.38 olivine (11), 46.29 bronzite and augibe (111) :- r. Ir. m. Fe.. .... 88.84 SiO, ...... 34.92 53.86 Ni.. .... 10.09 A1203 ..... - 5.76 co ..... 1.07 FeO ...... 13.79 10.55 Mn .... 0.26 CaO ...... - 7-73 MgO .... 51.26 21.68 These results differ considerably from those previously published by Maissen, Plight, and v.Foullon. The meteorite that fell in 1880 between Nogay& and Concepcion i;!I lli ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. was briefly described by Websky and DaubrBe. The complete analysis gave the results shown under IV, and that of the portion soluble in hydrochloric acid the results shown under V :- Si03 A1,03. Fe203. Cr203. MnO. CaO. MgO. Alkalis. kV. 27-22 2-35 30.64 0.38 0.09 2.56 19.24 0.18 V. 26.67 2.24 30.42 - 2.25 18.79 0.12 Ni. Co. Cu.Sn. Ignition. Insoluble. 7-7 IV. 1-61 trace 14.47 - V. 1.46 0.18 - - 1.82 With ether, 0.21 per cent. of a yellow bituminous substance was extracted, which volatilised at 200". When ignited in a current of oxygen t.he meteorite yielded carbonic anhydride (= 1.56 of carbon) and 14-03 per cent. of water.Treated with boiling water, 40 grams of the meteorite yielded (in grams)- SOB. S,O2. EzO. Na20. MgO. CaO. c1. 0.5001 0,0551 0.0059 0,0479 0.0750 0.1450 0*0009 There was also contained in the meteorite 327 per cent. of sulphur, 0.064 per cent. of phosphorus, 2.08 per cent. of sulphuric anhydride, and 0.034 per cent. of nitrogen. B. H. B.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY.M i n e r a l o g i c a l Chemistry.11 tNative Lead in Sweden. By L. J. IGELSTROM (Jahrb. f. Min.,1889, ii, Mem., 32--36).-The Pajsberg manganese and iron ore minetwenty years .. ago yielded small quantities of native lead. At theSjo mine in Orebro, the author discovered on January 24, 1889, thisrare native metal in the neotokite (black manganese silicate) in theform of small laminae with brilliant lustre.It closely resembleselectrolytically deposited lead. The neotokite occurs in dolomite,and is accompanied by specular iron ore. B. H. B.Atacamite in Chili. By L. DARAPSKY (Juhrb. f. Min., 1889, ii,Mem., l--18).-The author gives a complete bibliographyof the subject,,as well as the results of his own investigations. On comparing theresults of all the analyses published, it is found impossible to referall the occurrences of atacamite to a typical formula, although theformula CuC1,,3Cu0,3~Hz0 is the closest approximation. Theirregular development of the crystals and variations in the anglesappear to indicate that atacamite is not a mineralogical unit, but,like the felspars, is composed of two or more members. The terminalmembers are believed to be CuClZ,3Cu0,3HzO and CuCI2,4Cu0,6H20.With reference to the formation of atacamite, the auhhor showsthat processes producing a similar compound in the laboratory areimpossible in nature.Tbe only processes worthy of consideration arcthe formation by heating a mixture of basic copper nitrate andsodium chloride at 20O0, or a mixture of the former with coppersulphate and sodium chloride at 100". The presence of gypsum andcalcite in the deposits and the intimate mixture of ferric oxide andcuprous oxide, however, clearly point to pyrites and similar mineralsas the mother substances, which probably were highly decomposedbefore they came into contact with' the salt of the sea-water. In allprobability, the principal cementing material of the aqueous oxy-chloride is water, and it is impossible for atacamite to have beenformed by a replacement of the water of hydration of the chloride byoxide.B. H. B.Cerium and Yttrium Phosphates from South Norway, ByC. W. BLOMSTRAND (Jahrb. f. Nin., 1889, ii, Ref. 44-46, from Geol112 ABSTRACTS OF OHEMIOAL PAPERS.Fb'ren. i Stockholm fGrhandl., 9, 160.)-The author gives the resultsof analyses of monazite from Moss (light brown crystals), fromDillingsii (1. large fragments with crystal planes, and 2. small,prismat,ic crystals), from Moss (large, orange crystals), from Lonneby(large prismatic crystals, 1. brownish-yellow, and 2. ash-grey), fromArendal, from Naresto, and from Hvalo (1. large, yellowish-browncrystals, and 2.violet-brown lump). From the results of these nineanalyses, the author concludes that the monazites are normal salts oftribasic phosphoric acid, with the excess of bases in combination wit,hsiliuic acid. In conclusion, the author gives the results of twoanalyses of xenotime from Hvalo and from Naresto. B. H. B.Pleonectite, a New Mineral from Sweden. By L. J. IGELSTR~M(Jahrb. f. LWin., 1889, ii, Mem., 40--43).-At the Sjo mine, Orebro,this new mineral has been found in narrow veins in a mixture of haus-mnnnite, rhodonite, and calcite. It occurs in association with arsenio-pleite. It has a greyish-white colour, a hardness of 4, and a vitreouslustre. I t does not occur in crystals. A qualitative analysis indicatedthat the mineral is a chlorine-bearing lead antimonio-arsenate, with aninconsiderable proportion of water. I n composition and appearance,i t most closely resembles hedyphme, a mineral discovered byBreitbaupt in 1830, but is distinguished from that mineral by itsinfusibility before the blowpipe.The suggested name is derivedfrom T ~ O V ~ C T ~ W (to have more) in allusion to the antimony mineralsalready discovered in the Sjo mine. A quantitative analysis ofpleoneotite will subsequently be published, B. H. B.Synthesis of Quartz, Corundum, &c. By W. BRUHNS (Jahrb. fMia., 1889, ii, Mem., 62-65).--By the investigations of DaubrBe,St. Claire-Deville, Hautefeuille, De Chronstchoff, and Doelter, theaction of fluorine as mineralising agent has been widely recognised.Whereas these investigators invariably worked with high temperatures,the author bas succeeded in obtaining similar results with temperaturesnot exceeding 300°, and with high Rteam pressure.His apparatusconsists of, a firmly closed platinum crucible hermetically sealed ina steel case. By placing freshly precipitated ferric hydrate in theapparatus with ammonium fluoride, and heating for 10 hours at 250°,the author obtained crystallised ferric oxide. Freshly precipitatedand ignited alumina, heated with water and a trace of ammoniumfluoride for 10 hours at 300°, yielded hexagonal pyramids of corundumQuartz crystals were obtained in a similar manner from amorphoussilica. A remarkable result was obtained by acting with hydrofluoricacid on pulverised potash-felspar. The felspar employed was micro-cline, having the following percentage composition : -Si02.A120,. K20. Na,O. Total.64-33 18.61 13.49 3.56 99.99After heating for 53 hours with hydrofluoric acid at 30O0,smallcrystals of tridymite were obtained ; whilst the lid of the platinumvessel was covered with a crust of an isotropic regular compound oMINERALOGICAL OHEMISTRY. 113silica, aluminn, potash, and fluorine, Experiments made with theexpectation of obtaining titanic anhydride, tin oxide, andalnsite,and topaz were unsuccessful. Another experiment, in whichpowdered iron was mixed with ferric oxide, amorphous titanicanhydride, and hydrofluoric acid, yielded crystals of titaniferous ironand magnetite. B. H. B.Formation of Silicates.By J. LEMBERG (Juhrh. f. Min., 1889,ii, Ref., 34-36 ; from Zeit. deutsch. geol. Ges., 39, 559).-By the actionof solutions of various sodium silicates on kaolin at high temperatures,the author has obtained zeolites of the analcime series. In nature onlyone member of this series is known. By treatment with potassiumsalts, the analcimes obtained were converted into the correspondingmembers of the (anhydrous) leucite series. Of this series, too, onlyone member occurs in nature. Leucites containing a proportion ofsilica different from that of the mineral leucite, appear to be split u pat a high temperature into orthoclase and leucite. By the action ofkaolin on solutions of potassium carbonate or sodium carbonate, re-spectively, at a high temperature, a potassium-nepheline or cancrinitewas formed; in both cases carbonic anhydride was also formed.This suggests a new source for carbonic anhydride in nature, kaolinitself being able to drive out the carbonic acid from the alkali car-bonates. This change may also be effected if kaolin i 4 mixed withcalcium carbonate aiid subjected to the action of a hot solution ofsodium chloride or potassium chloride, when calcium chloride isformed, and subsequently alkali carbonate, which acts on the kaolin.These reactions lead the author to speculate as to the genesis ofcancrinite and analcime, and of felspar and elaolite in the preseiice ofcancrinite.B. H. B.Mineralogy of the French Creek Mines. By J. EGERMAN(JahrG. f. Min., 1859, ii, Ref. 17--18).-1n the shafts of ft magnetitemine at French Creek, Pennsylvania, the following minerals havebeen met with : iron pyrites, copper pyrites, apophyllite, desrnine, andgarnet in large crystals, and small crystals of calcite, orthoclase,pyroxene, and aragonite ; masses of pyrallolite and erythrite, andneedles of byssolite in calcite. Perfect crystals of apophyllite, 14 mm.side, gave on analysis the following results :-Si02.CaO. K20. H,O. Total. Sp. gr.51.63 25.42 6.27 16.58 99.90 2.35An analysis of the desmine gave-SiOp AlzO,. CaO. MgO. E20. H,O. Total.58.00 13.40 7.80 1-40 1.03 18.30 99-93B. H. B.Calamine and Apophyllite from the United States.YOL. LVIII. iBy J. EGERMAN (Jahrb..f. JIin., 1889, ii, Ref. 256; from Proc. Acnd. Nat.S c i .Philadelphia, 1889, 32--35).-The author gives analyses of (I114 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.calamine from Friedensville, New Jersey, and of (11) apophyllite fromSt. Peters, Chester Co., Pennsylvania. The results are a.s follows :-SiOP Fe203. ZnO. CaO. K20, H20. Total.I. 24.32 2.12 65.05 - - 7.86 99.3511. 51.63 - - 25.42 6.25 16.58 99.88The sp. gr. of the apophyllite is 2.35. B. H. B.Anthochroite, a New Mineral from Sweden.. By L. J.IGELSTROU (Juhrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Mem., 36--39).-At Jacobsberg, inWermland, there are two mines, one yielding braunite, the otherhausmannite. Both mines are in the same Archaan limestone sur-rounded by granulite. The new mineral is met with only in thebraunite mine. It is obtained by dissolving the braunite in hydro-chloric acid.I t also occurs inassociation with garnet, idocrrtse, manganese-epidote, mica, and allthe minerals known at this mine, and it is met with in narrow veinsin the limestone. The grains are optically biaxial. The hardness is5+, and the chemical composition as follows :-The violet residue is anthochroite.Si02. MnO. CaO. MgO. M,03 and Fe20,. K20 and NhO. Total.51.6 3.4 23.3 13-5 1 *4 [6*8] 100.00The mineral is thus a bisilicate of lime, magnesia, and manganese.Violan and richterite resemble it in composition, but not in appear-ance and optical properties. The name, derived from (L*vOos, flower,and XpGpa, colour, is considered suitable on account of the brilliantcolour of the new mineral and of the mixture in which it occurs.Tourmaline-bearing Copper Ores from Chili. By A.v.GRODDECK (J0hrb.f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref. 113-115 ; from Zeit. deutsch.geol, Ges., 1887, 239-266) .-The association of tourmaline withChilian copper ores has been previously noticed. The author hasexamined a series of ores from Tamaya, in which this association iswell exhibited, the tourmaline occurring both in the sulphnrettedand oxidised copper ores and also in the calcite and quartz gangueand in the spathose, quartzose, micaceous, and chloritic containing-rocks. The crystals are mostly 0.1 to 0.5 mm. in length, and arestrongly pleochrok.Si02. A1203. B203. FeO. CaO. MgO. N+O. K20. H2O. F. Total.36.34 32.22 10.87 8.31 0.79 3.92 3.14 0.22 3.89 trace 99.70Natrolite from Monte Baldo.By G. LUZZATTO (Jahrb. f. Min.,1889, ii, Ref. 28 ; from Riuista di iilineralogia e Cristallograjia italiana,4, 54-55) .-Carefully selected, clear and transparent crystals gaveon analysis the following results :-SiO,. A1203. Na20. CaO. H20. Total.B. H. B.On analysis they yielded-B. H. B.4'7.16 26.76 16.18 0.28 9.57 99.95These results correspond with the formula Na,A1,Si,Olo + 2H,O.B. H. BMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 115Eruptive Rocks of the Rhone. By H. LENK (Jahrb. f. Min.,1889, ii, Ref. 74-79 ; from Xitzber. Wurtzburger phys.-nzed. Ges.,1886).-The author gives the results of a microscopic examination ofthe constitution of the eruptive rocks of the Rhone. Eigbt analysesare given of the various rocks. The author distinguishes sevengroups of these rocks :-1.phonolites ; 2. glass basalts (limburgit,e) ;3. nepheline basalts ; 4. felspar basalts ; 5 . nepheline-plagioclnsebasalts (identical with basanite) ; 6. hornblende basalts ; 7. dolorites.The Transcaspian Naphtha District. By H. SJ~GREN ( J U I ! , ~ .f. Min., 1889, ii, Reef. 102-105, from Juhrb. k. k. geoZ. Reichsunst.,37, 47--62).-The author has subjected the mud from the Bakumud volcanoes to careful examination, and .found i t to yield onanalysis :-Si02. A1,03. FenOJ. MnO. MgO. CaO. KnO. Na.20. B20. Total.B. H. B.57.98 15.60 9.66 0.40 4.52 1-08 3.25 1.34 5.75 99-56:The microscopic investigation showed that the principal consti-tuents were isotropic, glassy grains, frequently very impure, purewhibe and reddish-hrown, isotropic grains, a pyroxenic niinenl,green amphibole, felspar with and without twinning striation, quartz,calcite in rhombohedrs, magnetite, and iron pyrites.Tile remainderof the paper deals with the geology of the district, the author con-cluding that the naphtha emanates from great depths.B. H. B.An nndescribed Meteoric Iron from East Tennessee. By F.A. GENTH (Jahrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref. 42; from PTOC. Acad. Xat.Sciences of PhiZadeZph.ia).-This meteorite appears to have fallen in1860 at a distzmce of 10 miles from Cleveland, East Tennessee. Itsoriginal weight was about 1154 kilos. The mean of three analysesgav-Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. P. S. Total. Sp. gr.89-60 8.80 0.67 0.12 0.32 0.01 99-52 7-.521B. H. B.Meteorites of Alfianello and Concepcion. By C. FRIEDHE131(Jahrb. f. Min., 1889, ii, Ref., 278-279; from Sitz-Ber. d. k. preuss.Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 13, 345--36i).-The analysis of the meteorite ofAlfianello gave 7.92 per cent. nickel-iron (I), 7.78 troilite, 0.60 chrome-iron, 37.38 olivine (11), 46.29 bronzite and augibe (111) :-r. Ir. m.Fe.. .... 88.84 SiO, ...... 34.92 53.86Ni.. .... 10.09 A1203 ..... - 5.76 co ..... 1.07 FeO ...... 13.79 10.55Mn .... 0.26 CaO ...... - 7-73MgO .... 51.26 21.68These results differ considerably from those previously published byMaissen, Plight, and v. Foullon.The meteorite that fell in 1880 between Nogay& and Concepcioni;I lli ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.was briefly described by Websky and DaubrBe. The completeanalysis gave the results shown under IV, and that of the portionsoluble in hydrochloric acid the results shown under V :-Si03 A1,03. Fe203. Cr203. MnO. CaO. MgO. Alkalis.kV. 27-22 2-35 30.64 0.38 0.09 2.56 19.24 0.18V. 26.67 2.24 30.42 - 2.25 18.79 0.12Ni. Co. Cu.Sn. Ignition. Insoluble.7-7 IV. 1-61 trace 14.47 -V. 1.46 0.18 - - 1.82With ether, 0.21 per cent. of a yellow bituminous substance wasextracted, which volatilised at 200". When ignited in a current ofoxygen t.he meteorite yielded carbonic anhydride (= 1.56 of carbon)and 14-03 per cent. of water. Treated with boiling water, 40 gramsof the meteorite yielded (in grams)-SOB. S,O2. EzO. Na20. MgO. CaO. c1.0.5001 0,0551 0.0059 0,0479 0.0750 0.1450 0*0009There was also contained in the meteorite 327 per cent. of sulphur,0.064 per cent. of phosphorus, 2.08 per cent. of sulphuric anhydride,and 0.034 per cent. of nitrogen. B. H. B