The temperature variation of the nonlinearity constant in silicon has been studied for longitudinal waves along the [110] axis and for shear waves along the [110] axis with polarizations along the [11¯0] and [001] axes in the range 73–273 K. The temperature dependence of the nonlinearity constant estimated from the second‐ and third‐order elastic constants has been further used to evaluate the acoustic attenuation in the Akhieser region at 475 MHz. The estimated values of acoustic attenuation have been compared with the measured values available in the literature and are found to be in good agreement. The nonlinearity constant showed a positive temperature coefficient for the longitudinal waves, whereas it showed a negative temperature coefficient for the shear waves. These results resemble those obtained for germanium and copper.