Numerous assertions have been made that ergonomics leads to improved quality. Indeed, this notion was embodied in Deming's system of profound knowledge (Deming 1990), which emphasized the importance of“people systems”and of“maximizing the human potential.”Little attention, however, has been directed toward the role of ergonomics in quality improvement efforts. Adoption of the ergonomic approach has been limited to providing solutions for health and safety problems in occupational settings. This article explores two perspectives: (1) the use of quality assurance techniques in the field of ergonomics; and (2) the possibility of incorporating ergonomics as a strategy to improve quality and to address occupational health and safety issues. The complementary rotes of quality and ergonomics are described through the development of an integrated framework based on an examination of quality and ergonomics literature.