MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. M i n e r a 1 o g i c a 1 C h e m i s try. 231 Arksutite from Ivigtut in Greenland. By A. E. NORDENSKIOLD (Zed. Eryst. Min., 13, 400-401, from GYeol. FGren. Porhandl., 8, 172-175).-A specimen of arksutite mas separated according to Thoulet’s method, and gave three different substances : an optically isotropic mineral having a sp. gr. of 3.12 (fluorspar) ; a mineral lighter than 2.99 (possibly thomsenolite) ; and a birefractive sub- stance of sp. gr. = 2.994, and giving on analysis the following results :- A1 . Ca. Mg. Na . F. Total. 17-28 0.22 0-05 24.72 57.16 99-43232 ABSTRACTS OF CKEMICAL PAPERS. corresponding with the formula 5NaF + 3A1,F3. The composition of arksutite is thus perfectly in accord with that of the chiolite of Brandl. From the optical properties of the two minerals, there can be no doubt that they are identical.Mineralogical Notes. By G. FL~NK (Zeit. Kmpt. Mia., 13, 401- 408, from Bihany till K. Su. vet. akad. handl., 12, Afd. 2).-The author gives the resiilts of a crystallographical and chemical investigation of the following minerals :--1. Cobalt-glance from Nordmarken ; 2. Cosalite from Nordrnarken ; 3. Pyrochroite from Nordmarken ; 4. Magnetite from Norduiarken ; 5. Manganomagnetite from Lkng- ban; 6. Berzeliite from the same locality; 7. Monimolite from Pajsberg; 8. Xenotime from Hittero, Norway; 9. Apatite from Nordmarken; 10. Lizvrite from Thyrill, Iceland ; 11. Epidote from Nordmai-ken (28 new planes) ; 12. Epidote from Morkhult; 13. Manganese-vesuvian from Pajsberg ; 14.Orthoclase from the kraf3ite of Krafla, Iceland; 15. Titanite from the Fredriksberg Mine, Nord- marken. The author also describes a new mineral, 7iarstigite, from Pajsberg, named after the mine in which it WAS discovered. The min_eral 1relongsJo the- rhombic system, and exhibits the forms OOP, mPm, km, wP2, =Pa, P2. No cleavage was observed. The mineral is colourless, and has a vitreous lustre. Analysis gave the following results :- B. H. B. a : b : L: = 0.7141 : 1 : 1.01495. SiOp. Al,O,. CaO. MnO. MgO. KzO. Na,O. HzO. Total. 38.94 10.61 29.23 12.81 3.27 0.35 0.71 3.97 99.89 B. H. B. Manganese and Uranium Oxides. By C. RAMMELSBERG (Zeit. Kiyst. Mi?&., 13, 418-419, from Ber. Akad. Ber., 1885, 97).-The author finds that both arti ticial Mn,O, and crystallised hausmannite, when boiled with concentrated nitric acid, or treated with dilute sul phuric acid, split up into 2Mn0, which dissolves, and insoluble MnO,.Crystallised manganite is not decomposed by sulphuric acid in the same way. Powdered braunite undergoes decomposition, although not completely. Hausmannite should therefore be regarded as having the composition 2Mn0,Mn02, whilst the formula of braunite is MnO, (Mn, Si) 0,. The author gives the following new analysis of pitchblende from Joacbimstha1:- TTO* UOz. PbO. FeO. CaO. SiOz. Total. 42.87 40.50 3.25 3-78 3.00 6.60 100*00 The general formula of pitchblende is R0,R02 = (U02,Pb,Fe,Ca)0,(U,Si)02 ; the formula of the varieties containing thorium is (UOz,Pb,Fe,Ca) O,(U,Th) 02. The oxides, Y20a, Erz03, Ce20s, which occur in Beveral varieties of pitchblende, appear to be isomorphically mixed with the compoundMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY.233 R0,R02. which crystallises in a similar manner. The latter is thus analogous in constitution to braunite, B. H. B. Minerals from Carinthia. By A. BRUNLECHNER (Zeit. K ~ y s t . Min., 13, 391-392, from Jnhrb. nat. hist. Landesmuseums in Karnthen, 17, l--.j).-Among the Carinthian minerals described by the author are the following :-Greenockite from Raibl, as a lemon-yellow coat- ing on slate; garnet from Lamprechtsberg in the Lavanthal, as orange crystals enclosing copper pyrites ; tourmaline from the same locality, in short, dark-brown crystals ; zoisite from Stanziwurdikopf, preen in columnar crystals in mica schist. Analyses are given of two srwcimens of siderite : I.Translucent crystals, with plane faces, from Wolch ; 11. Yellowish-white crystals, with curved faces, from Lolling :- FeC0,. MnC03. NgCO,. CaC0,. Impurities. Total. I. 95-10 2.11 2.19 trace 0.59 99.99 11. 94.97 trace 3.22 1.78 0.25 100.22 In addition to other factors, the proportion of calcium, even in small quantities, appears to influence the crystal form of iron_ carbun- ate. B. H. B. Martinite from the West Indies. By J. H. KLOOS (Jahr6.f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 41, from Xammlg. geol. Reichsmuseums, Leiden).- Martinite is a new calcium phosphate pseudomorphous after gypsum, fi*om the phosphorite beds of the Island of Curapo. The pseudo- morphs occur in lenticular crystals, having the fomn of gypsum (-P, -Pm, mym). The crystals are colourless and transparent. Their sp.gr. is 2.892 to 2.896. Analysis gave the following results :- P!A CaO. Loss on ignition. Total. 47.87 47.63 5-46 100.96 Fluorine is absent. The results of the analysis are in accord with the empirical formula 10Ca0, 4P3O5,3H20. By G. CESARO (Zed. K ~ y s t . Min., 13, 421-422, from Ann. SOC. gebl. BeZg., 12, 173).-The mineral from VisB, to which the name destin&te has been assigned, appears to be a variety of diadochite. An almost white and very pure specimen gave on analysis the following results :- B. H. B. Diadochite from Vise. Fe203. P205. SO,. H20. Hygroscopic H,O. C. Total. 3'7.60 16.76 18-85 25.35 0.30 1.40 100.26 The mineral on microscopic examination was found to belong t o the monoclinic system. B. H. B. Mineral from Krerns in Austria.By E. DRASCHE (Juh~7,. f. Myn., 1888, i, Ref., 29-30, from Vwh. geoZ. Beiclisanst., 19, 81).-!Ihe234 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. author gives an analysis of a mineral, erroneously supposed to be bauxite, which is found in considerable quantities in terbedded in crystalline schists. The mineral is of a white t o yellowish-brown colour. For the analysis, pure white specimens were selected. The results were as follows :- SiO,. Al,03. CaO. K20. Na,O. SO,. P20,. H 2 0 a t 100'. 1.30 38.00 0.75 3.75 4.54 38.85 0.88 0 45 The remainder consists of water and organic substance. B. H. B. Manganotantalite from the Ural. By A. ARZRUNI (Juhrh. f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 18, from Trams. Imp. Rws. Min. Soc.).-The crys- tal described was found in the Bakakin gold washings in the Sanarka Cistrict, in the sou_th of-the Ural.It exhibits the planes ~ P w , mPw, O P , @03, ~ P w , P2, 4P2. It is semi-metallic and nearly black. In very thin layers the colour is orange to ruby-red. Sp. gr. = 7.37. Analyses gave the following results :- Ta20,. Nb,O,. Sn02 + WO,. FeO. MnO. CaO. Ignition. Total. 79.81 4.47 0.67 1.17 13.88 0.17 0.16 100.33 These results correspond with the formula llMnTaOs + FeNbO,. This miiieral, of which as yet only one crystal has been foiind, is the member of the tantalite group richest in manganese and tantalum. B. H. B. Kainosite, a new Mineral from Hitterii, in Norway. By A. E. NORDENSKIOLD (Zeit. Kryst. M k . , 13, 399-400, from GeoZ. 2sliiren. ForhandZ., 8, 143-1 46) .-In consequence of the unusual composition of this new mineral, the author has termed it kainosite from ~ a s v d ~ (strange).It consists of a calcium yttrium silicate. mixed with a carbonate and water. The only specimen found is a portion of a liexagonal prism. The optical examination, however, shows that it belongs, not to the hexagonal, but to the rhombic or to the mono- clinic system. The mineral is semi-transparent, yellowish-brown, and birefractive. Its hardness is 5.5, and sp. gr. 3.413. Analysis gave the following results :- SiO,. Y,03 + Er20* CaO. MgO. FeO. Nk0. CO,. H20. Total. 34.63 37.67 15-95 0.03 0.26 0.40 5.90 5.26 100.10 corresponding with the formula 4Si0,,CO2,Y2O,(Er2O3),2CaO ,2H20. B. H. B. Chemical Nature of Eudialite. By C. RAHMELSBEEG (Juh.1-b. f. Mii~., 1887, ii, Ref., 449-451, from Sitzber.E. Preuss. Aknd. Wiss., 24, 441-461).-The author has analysed specimens of this rare silico-zirconate from the principal localities at which it is found. The results of his analyseg were as follows :-MISERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 235 C1. SiO,. I. 1.53 49.84 11. 1.57 48.88 111. 1-70 46.68 IV. 1,441 46.84 Na20. I. 13.32 11. 8.80 111. 11.24 TV. 10.70 ZrO. 14.0 1 15.17 15.43 16.09 K20. 0.75 1.24 0.42 0.50 Ce20,. FeO. 2.35 5.96 4.07 7% - 7.32 5.19 5.92 H2O. 1.24 2-50 0.90 1.77 MnO. CaO. 0.64 10-77 0-52 10.63 2-82 11.76 1-50 1 a . a Sp. gr. 2.928 2.908 3.081 3.000 I. Eudialite from 'Kangerdluarsuk, Greenland ; II. From Brevig, Norway ; 111. Prom Sigter.5, Norway ; 1V. From Aro, Norway. The formula given by the author for the eudialite of Greenland and of Brevig is NaC1,2R'6R''3( Si,Zr)10026, and for the eudialite of Sigtero and Aro is NaC1,R'1zR''g(Si,Zr)25065.B. H. B. Zeolites from Chili. By L. DARAPSKY (Jahrb. f. Nin., 1888, i, Mem., 65--67).-The author has subjected various zeolites, from the mineralogical collection of the National Museum of Santiago, to chemical examination. The analytical results were as follows :- SiO2. A1203. CaO. N%O. H,O. K20. Fe203. Total. I. 52.67 19.80 11.25 - 16.29 - - 100.01 11. 54.60 - 29.52 1.06 15.03 -- - 100.21 IrI. 47-69 25-45 14-05 - 13.25 - - 100.44 IV. 4&i$ 25.99 9-11 5.23 16.41 - - 92-48 V. 45.15 26.53 11-86 2-24 13.81 0.45 - 100.04 VI. 43-37 24.27 21.74 0.96 5.28 - 4.44 100.26 I. Hypostilbite from altered amygdaloydal porphyry at the Hacienda La Quinta at Curic6 ; formula, 2Ca0,2AlzO3,9SiOz,5HZO.11. Okenite from the Rio Pntagan ; formula, 9Ca0,3SiOz,3Hz0. This appears to be identical with the zeolite from Greenland termed bordite by Dufrenoy. 111. Scolenite, accompanying the okenite ; sp. gr. 2.1 5 ; formula, CaO,A1,O3,3SiO2.3H2O. IV. Typical mesolite from the Desert of Atacama. V. A dense form of the same mineral coating the weathered rock of the Rodaito Mines in the Province of Coquimbo. VI. Prehnite, in green globular masses, from the Rodaito Mines, associated with calcice crystals, and containing small, black scales or wires of natural amalgam (Ag3gHg). B. H. B. Manganese-bearing Idocrase from Sweden. By L. J. IGEL- STROM (Jahrb, f. Min., 1887, ii, Ref., 453, from Bull. SOC. franp. min., 9, %Z -24) .--The mineral occurs with mangauese-garnet, manganese- epidote, and manganese-silicate in limestone at the Jakobsberg manganese mine in Wermland.The crystals exhibit the forms UP, WP, 03Po0, P. In thick plates, the colour is black ; in powder, dark- violet. In thin sections, the mineral is highly pleochroic, having an amethyst and orange colour. In chemical composition it is character-236 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. ised by a remarkably high percentage of manganese, copper, and lead, as is shown by the following analytical results :- Si02. A1203. FeO. MnO. CuO. PbO. CaO. MgO. Total. 38.07 13-88 5-08 4 7 2 2.16 1.80 25-60 5.07 938.38 B. H. B. Beryl from Madagascar. By A. DAMOUR (Jahrb. f. M A , 1888, i, Ref., 9, from Bull. SOC. frnnp. min., 9, 153--154).-The crystal described was found with tourmaline, quartz, and triphane at Fara- fatrana, on the east coast of Madagascar.I t is characterised by its pink coloar. Its composition is as follows :- SiO,. A1203. BeO. FeO. MnO. CaO. Ignition. Total. Sp. gr. 66.56 18.66 12.47 0.09 0.21 0.06 2.30 100.35 2.72 B. H. B. So-called Soda Granites. By A. GERHARD (Jnh~b. f. Mi%., 1887, ii, Mem., 267--275).-Althongh in the analyses of most granites, the percentage of potash exceeds that of soda, yet certain granites are known in which the opposite is the case. Attention was first drawn to such granites in 1856 by Halighton, who termed them soda-granites. The author has made a series of careful analyses. of typical examples of these rocks, and finds that in the granites of Baveno, both the red and the white varieties, and in those of Bejby in Sweden, the soda is not, as stated by former observers, in excess of the potash.These rocks, consequently, should no longer be regarded as soda-p-anites. I n the granite of Ulferud, in Sweden, the author finds 74.77 per cent. of silica, 2.65 per cent. of potash, and 4.40 per cent. of soda, thus con- firming the results obtained by Hummel arid Erdmann. This rock is thus a true soda-granite. In addition to microcline, ortboclase, quartz, muscovite, biotite, zircon, and apatite, i t contains a plagioclase-felspar, which gave on anelysis the following resnlts :- Si02. A1203. CaO. K20. N+O. Total. Sp. p. 67.99 19.23 1-84 1.25 9.69 100*00 2.63 and must therefore be regarded as an almost pure albite. B.H. B. Albite in Norwegian Pegmatites. By A. LACROIX ( J d ~ b . f. Min., 1887, ii, Ref., 455, from Bull. SOC. franq. mi%., 9, 131-134).- The albite in tjhe pegmatite veins of Moss, Hittera, and Ytterhy is always emylanted on microcline, and is accompanied by quartz, calcite, and a mica differing from the muscovite of the rock." The crystals are poorly developed, the predominating form being mPm. Bands of albite contained in the microcline appear to be younger than that mineral. An analysis of the albite of Garta near Arendal gave the following results :- SiO,. A1203. Na,O. E20. Total. Sp. gr. 68.40 19.89 10-69 0.90 99.88 2.601 B. H. B. Griqualandite. B,v B. R. BROUGH (Chern. News, 56, 244).-The author shows that the analysis of the supposed new mineral describedMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY.237 hy Hepburn (Abstr., 1887, 709) as griqualmdite, corresponds more closely with the simple formula H,0,Be203,4Si02, than with the more complicated formula given. The pewfitage compositions demanded by the two formulae are- SiO,.. Fe20,. H20. H2Fe,Si,0 12. , . . . . . . . . 5 7.42 38.28 4.30 H,,Fe,Si,O,, . . . . . . . . 56.80 37.87 5.33 The formula IEz0,Fe203,4SiOz for griqualand’ite is analogous to that of crociddite, aegirine, and arfvcdsonite, Na20,Fe203,4Si02. Griqua- landite must therefore be regarded as a crocidolihe in which hydrogen is substituted for sodium. I t is not a pseudomorph after crocidolite, but rather a fibrous hornblende or uralite resulting from the alteration of that mineral. B. H. B. NTineral Veins, By Ii“. SANDBERGER (Zeit.Rryst. Min., 13, 409- 417).-This memoir is an abstract of the second volume of the author’s treatise on mineral veins, in which he brings fopward further evidence in support of the lateral secretion theory of the genesis of mineral veins. This theory assumes that water percolating through the country-rock has, by the aid of carbonic acid and other natural solvents, dissolved out of i t a11 the minerals now forming the consti- tuents of mheral veins. The gveater portion of the volume is occupied by a discassion of the genesis of mineral, veins in crystalline and stratified rocks. In discussing the tin-ore veins in lithionite-gpanite, the author applies the term protolithionite to a dark lithium mica found in the manite masses of Cornwall, the Erzgebirge, and the Fichtelgebirge.I n this mica, as much as 0.22 pel cent. of tin oxide has been detected. The deposition of the tin ore, of zinnwaldite, and of turmaline in fissures in the granite is due to the decomposition of this mica. Prosopite is formed by the action of dissolved calcium carbonate on topaz. The fluorine derived from the mica, explains the presence of fluorspar in the veins. Tin has also been detected in the potassium- mica of Villeder in Morbihm, and consequently the author regards the tin-ore veins of that district as formed by lateral secretion, whilst he regards the tin ore in the pegmatite of Finbo, in the beds of Pitkaranta and Breitenbruun, as primitive. At Marienberg in Saxony, tin-ore veins occur in gneiss. In their formation by being dissolved out of the mica in the country-rock, the constituents, silica and tin oxide, least soluble in alkaline carbonates, were deposited first ; then followed arsenic and copper; then cobalt and nickel ores, barytes (derived from the orthoclase of the country-rock) ; and lastly calcite and silver ores.In tbe mica of the mica- schist of Ehrenfriedersdorf, which is traversed by tin-ore veins, tin, arsenic, and fluorine have been detected. Lastly, small quantities of tin have been discovered in the phyllites of various districts. Iu those of Eibenstock and Johanngeorgenstadt, boron has also been found. This discovery enables the formation of interstratified turma- line-schist in these phyllites to be explained. The tin-ore deposits in Secondary mica is absent.VOL. LIV. 1-238 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. limestone at Campiglia were undoubtedly derived from an eruptire rock in the vicinity. The Freiberg gneiss is extremely rich in mica, and in this mineral the majority of the metals occurring in the veins of that district have been detected. The barytes, however, appears to have been derived from the felspar of the country-rock. The metals contained in eruptive rocks of recent age, for instance, in the basalt of Strieth and in the phonolite of Hohenkrahen, segregate in fissures as mag- netic or iron pyrites o r as hydrated ferric oxide. The ore veins of Transylvania and of America are thought by the author to have heen formed in a similar manner by leaching out of the andesites, &c. I n the micas of Hnngarian rocks, all the metals occurring in the mineral veins are found, whilst fluorine is absent'.This is in accord with the known rare occurrence of fluorspar in those veins. The barytes is derived from the anorthic felspar of the country-rocks. At the Cornstock lode, the lateral secretion theory has been confirmed by the dscovery of the precious metals in the ftugite of the country- rock. The mineral veins of Caracoles in Jurassic limestone have been derived from the adjacent quartz-trachyte. The metals in this rock are contained for the most part in the hornblende, whilst in the felspar is contained a considerable proportion of barium, which appears in the veins as barytes. B. H. B. Composition of the Meteorite of Saint-Denis-Westrem. By C. KL~MENT (Jcchrb. .f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 45, from Bull.mas. roy. hist. nat. BeZg., 4, 273-282).-The anal3 sis of the meteorite from Saint- Denis-Westrem in East Flanders, gave the following results :- SiO,. A1203. Cr203. FeO. CaO. MgO. Na20. 40.20 2.54 O%O 16.22 2-00 25.08 0.99 Fe. Ni. co. S. Total. 10.37 1.24 0.12 2.12 101.78 From these results, the author calculates the following mineralo- gical composition :-Chrome-iron, ( PeCr204), 1.33 ; iron sulphide, ( Fe7S8), 5*:37 ; nickel-iron, 8.48 ; bronzite, 26.18 ; olivine, 46.41. The remaining 14.01 per cent., which consist,s of- SiO,. Al,03. CaO. MgO. NaaO. 7-88 2-54 2.00 0-60 0.99 may perhaps be plagioclase (maskelynite). B. H. B. Mineral Springs in the Peninsula of Methana. By A. K. DAMRERGIS (Brr., 20, 3328-3330).-The sulphur springs of Methanw rise on the coast on the east side of the Chelona range near the village of Wromolimni, a t about the sea, level.The temperature OE the vater-which rises in more than 24 springs forming t>hree separate groups-varies from 26.4" to 31" ; the specific gravity of the water varies from 1.02865 to 1.02882. The watcr, when examined under theMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 239 1. 0 -1343 0.0228 0 -0313 0~0000 0 -0388 0 -0276 0.0008 0 -0449 0 *0840 0 -0065 - - 0*032,4 microscope, was found to contain the bacteria Beggiutou nivea, often found in sulphurous wa.ters. The water from the various springs showed almost identical composition. The analysis of water from one of the springs gave in parts per 10,000 :--NaCl, 297.630 ; KCI, 6.960 ; MgCl,, 36.948 ; MgBr2, 0.584 ; CaS04, 21.357 ; MgS04, 18.486 ; CaCO,, 4.600; MgCO,, 2,250; Fe,O,, 0.038; A1303, 0.019; Si02, 0.485 ; organic matter, 0.042 ; total solids, 389.399.GO2 as bicarbon- ate, 3.200; CO, free, 7.218 ; SH,, 0.109 ; total mineral constituents, 399.926. Besides this the water contained traces of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, iodine, and fluorine. L. T. T. 2. --- 0 -1902 0.07M 0 -0170 0 '0010 0 -0167 0 -0063 0'0106 0 -0179 0 -1295 0.0250 - - 0 0200 Analyses of Water from Artesian Wells. By C . KLEMENT (Jahrb. f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 71-72, from Bull. mus. roy. hist. nat. Belg., 3, 1- 97).-The wells investigated are in Brussels or its immediate vicinity. The bore-holes struck water, below a bed of clay, in fissured chalk underlain by rocks of Silurian age.The following are the depths and temperatures of the water :-1. Hospital St. Pierre, Rue Haute, Brussels, 94.5 m., 15.2" ; 2. Distillery, St. Gilles, 65.62 m., 1;11.8" ; 3. Candle factory, Cureghem, 73 m., 12.5"; 4. Godin foundry, Laekm. '106.9 m., 12.5"; 5. St. Sauveur baths, Brussels, 75 m., 12.8"; 6. Boeck brewery, Koekelberg, 115.5 rn., 12.0" ; 7. Brewery, Anderlecht, 95 m., 12.2" ; 8. Starch manufactory, Machelen, 82 m., 12.5" The analyses were conducted in accordance with Bunsen's method wihh the following resulh :- 3. -- 0 -0852 0 '0425 - 0 -0020 - 0.0286 0.0174 0 -4618 0.0433 0-0257 0 * 0173 0 -0398 0 -0274 -- CaC03 ...... MgC03 ...... Na2C0, ..... K2NO3.. ..... I(2SOj. ...... Ca904 ...... MgO12 ....... Nat'l ....... KCl.. ....... SiOz ........ Org. subs..... C02 free ..... 00, ......... 4. 0 -1084 0 *0593 0 *0569 0 -0021 0 -0256 - - 0 -0490 0-0175 0*0300 0 '0178 0 '1024 0 '0074 - 5. 0.1811 0 *0976 0 *0606 0.0016 0 '0174 - - 0 '0020 0 '0230 0 '0320 0 '0135 0 -1659 0 -0143 - - 6. 0 -0679 0-0362 0 '0653 0 -0014 0 -0263 - - 0 -1980 0 -0177 0 '0302 0-0160 0 -0759 0 -0032 - 7. --. 0 -0998 0 * 0492 0 '0140 0 *0008 0 *0374 I - 0.44i09 0 '0093 0.0258 0.0245 0 '0755 0 -0045 8. -_ 0.1295 0-0686 0 *0'726 trace 0 -0263 - - 0 *0102 0.0233 0 *0:302 0.0115 0.1231 0 -0084 - B. H. B.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY.M i n e r a 1 o g i c a 1 C h e m i s try.231Arksutite from Ivigtut in Greenland. By A. E. NORDENSKIOLD(Zed. Eryst. Min., 13, 400-401, from GYeol. FGren. Porhandl., 8,172-175).-A specimen of arksutite mas separated according toThoulet’s method, and gave three different substances : an opticallyisotropic mineral having a sp.gr. of 3.12 (fluorspar) ; a minerallighter than 2.99 (possibly thomsenolite) ; and a birefractive sub-stance of sp. gr. = 2.994, and giving on analysis the followingresults :-A1 . Ca. Mg. Na . F. Total.17-28 0.22 0-05 24.72 57.16 99-4232 ABSTRACTS OF CKEMICAL PAPERS.corresponding with the formula 5NaF + 3A1,F3. The composition ofarksutite is thus perfectly in accord with that of the chiolite of Brandl.From the optical properties of the two minerals, there can be no doubtthat they are identical.Mineralogical Notes. By G. FL~NK (Zeit. Kmpt. Mia., 13, 401-408, from Bihany till K. Su. vet. akad. handl., 12, Afd. 2).-The authorgives the resiilts of a crystallographical and chemical investigationof the following minerals :--1.Cobalt-glance from Nordmarken ;2. Cosalite from Nordrnarken ; 3. Pyrochroite from Nordmarken ;4. Magnetite from Norduiarken ; 5. Manganomagnetite from Lkng-ban; 6. Berzeliite from the same locality; 7. Monimolite fromPajsberg; 8. Xenotime from Hittero, Norway; 9. Apatite fromNordmarken; 10. Lizvrite from Thyrill, Iceland ; 11. Epidote fromNordmai-ken (28 new planes) ; 12. Epidote from Morkhult; 13.Manganese-vesuvian from Pajsberg ; 14. Orthoclase from the kraf3iteof Krafla, Iceland; 15. Titanite from the Fredriksberg Mine, Nord-marken.The author also describes a new mineral, 7iarstigite, from Pajsberg,named after the mine in which it WAS discovered.The min_eral1relongsJo the- rhombic system, and exhibits the forms OOP, mPm,km, wP2, =Pa, P2. No cleavagewas observed. The mineral is colourless, and has a vitreous lustre.Analysis gave the following results :-B. H. B.a : b : L: = 0.7141 : 1 : 1.01495.SiOp. Al,O,. CaO. MnO. MgO. KzO. Na,O. HzO. Total.38.94 10.61 29.23 12.81 3.27 0.35 0.71 3.97 99.89B. H. B.Manganese and Uranium Oxides. By C. RAMMELSBERG (Zeit.Kiyst. Mi?&., 13, 418-419, from Ber. Akad. Ber., 1885, 97).-Theauthor finds that both arti ticial Mn,O, and crystallised hausmannite,when boiled with concentrated nitric acid, or treated with dilutesul phuric acid, split up into 2Mn0, which dissolves, and insolubleMnO,. Crystallised manganite is not decomposed by sulphuric acidin the same way.Powdered braunite undergoes decomposition,although not completely. Hausmannite should therefore be regardedas having the composition 2Mn0,Mn02, whilst the formula of brauniteis MnO, (Mn, Si) 0,.The author gives the following new analysis of pitchblende fromJoacbimstha1:-TTO* UOz. PbO. FeO. CaO. SiOz. Total.42.87 40.50 3.25 3-78 3.00 6.60 100*00The general formula of pitchblende isR0,R02 = (U02,Pb,Fe,Ca)0,(U,Si)02 ;the formula of the varieties containing thorium is(UOz,Pb,Fe,Ca) O,(U,Th) 02.The oxides, Y20a, Erz03, Ce20s, which occur in Beveral varieties ofpitchblende, appear to be isomorphically mixed with the compounMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 233R0,R02.which crystallises in a similar manner.The latter is thus analogous in constitution to braunite,B. H.B.Minerals from Carinthia. By A. BRUNLECHNER (Zeit. K ~ y s t .Min., 13, 391-392, from Jnhrb. nat. hist. Landesmuseums in Karnthen,17, l--.j).-Among the Carinthian minerals described by the authorare the following :-Greenockite from Raibl, as a lemon-yellow coat-ing on slate; garnet from Lamprechtsberg in the Lavanthal, asorange crystals enclosing copper pyrites ; tourmaline from the samelocality, in short, dark-brown crystals ; zoisite from Stanziwurdikopf,preen in columnar crystals in mica schist. Analyses are given of twosrwcimens of siderite : I. Translucent crystals, with plane faces, fromWolch ; 11. Yellowish-white crystals, with curved faces, fromLolling :-FeC0,. MnC03. NgCO,.CaC0,. Impurities. Total.I. 95-10 2.11 2.19 trace 0.59 99.9911. 94.97 trace 3.22 1.78 0.25 100.22In addition to other factors, the proportion of calcium, even insmall quantities, appears to influence the crystal form of iron_ carbun-ate. B. H. B.Martinite from the West Indies. By J. H. KLOOS (Jahr6.f.Min., 1888, i, Ref., 41, from Xammlg. geol. Reichsmuseums, Leiden).-Martinite is a new calcium phosphate pseudomorphous after gypsum,fi*om the phosphorite beds of the Island of Curapo. The pseudo-morphs occur in lenticular crystals, having the fomn of gypsum(-P, -Pm, mym). The crystals are colourless and transparent.Their sp. gr. is 2.892 to 2.896. Analysis gave the followingresults :-P!A CaO. Loss on ignition. Total.47.87 47.63 5-46 100.96Fluorine is absent.The results of the analysis are in accord withthe empirical formula 10Ca0, 4P3O5,3H20.By G. CESARO (Zed. K ~ y s t . Min., 13,421-422, from Ann. SOC. gebl. BeZg., 12, 173).-The mineral fromVisB, to which the name destin&te has been assigned, appears to be avariety of diadochite. An almost white and very pure specimen gaveon analysis the following results :-B. H. B.Diadochite from Vise.Fe203. P205. SO,. H20. Hygroscopic H,O. C. Total.3'7.60 16.76 18-85 25.35 0.30 1.40 100.26The mineral on microscopic examination was found to belong t othe monoclinic system. B. H. B.Mineral from Krerns in Austria. By E. DRASCHE (Juh~7,. f.Myn., 1888, i, Ref., 29-30, from Vwh. geoZ. Beiclisanst., 19, 81).-!Ih234 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.author gives an analysis of a mineral, erroneously supposed to bebauxite, which is found in considerable quantities in terbedded incrystalline schists.The mineral is of a white t o yellowish-browncolour. For the analysis, pure white specimens were selected. Theresults were as follows :-SiO,. Al,03. CaO. K20. Na,O. SO,. P20,. H 2 0 a t 100'.1.30 38.00 0.75 3.75 4.54 38.85 0.88 0 45The remainder consists of water and organic substance.B. H. B.Manganotantalite from the Ural. By A. ARZRUNI (Juhrh. f.Min., 1888, i, Ref., 18, from Trams. Imp. Rws. Min. Soc.).-The crys-tal described was found in the Bakakin gold washings in theSanarka Cistrict, in the sou_th of-the Ural. It exhibits the planes~ P w , mPw, O P , @03, ~ P w , P2, 4P2.It is semi-metallic andnearly black. In very thin layers the colour is orange to ruby-red.Sp. gr. = 7.37. Analyses gave the following results :-Ta20,. Nb,O,. Sn02 + WO,. FeO. MnO. CaO. Ignition. Total.79.81 4.47 0.67 1.17 13.88 0.17 0.16 100.33These results correspond with the formula llMnTaOs + FeNbO,.This miiieral, of which as yet only one crystal has been foiind, is themember of the tantalite group richest in manganese and tantalum.B. H. B.Kainosite, a new Mineral from Hitterii, in Norway. By A.E. NORDENSKIOLD (Zeit. Kryst. M k . , 13, 399-400, from GeoZ. 2sliiren.ForhandZ., 8, 143-1 46) .-In consequence of the unusual compositionof this new mineral, the author has termed it kainosite from ~ a s v d ~(strange). It consists of a calcium yttrium silicate.mixed with acarbonate and water. The only specimen found is a portion of aliexagonal prism. The optical examination, however, shows that itbelongs, not to the hexagonal, but to the rhombic or to the mono-clinic system. The mineral is semi-transparent, yellowish-brown, andbirefractive. Its hardness is 5.5, and sp. gr. 3.413. Analysis gavethe following results :-SiO,. Y,03 + Er20* CaO. MgO. FeO. Nk0. CO,. H20. Total.34.63 37.67 15-95 0.03 0.26 0.40 5.90 5.26 100.10corresponding with the formula 4Si0,,CO2,Y2O,(Er2O3),2CaO ,2H20.B. H. B.Chemical Nature of Eudialite. By C. RAHMELSBEEG (Juh.1-b. f.Mii~., 1887, ii, Ref., 449-451, from Sitzber. E. Preuss. Aknd. Wiss.,24, 441-461).-The author has analysed specimens of this raresilico-zirconate from the principal localities at which it is found.Theresults of his analyseg were as follows :MISERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 235C1. SiO,.I. 1.53 49.8411. 1.57 48.88111. 1-70 46.68IV. 1,441 46.84Na20.I. 13.3211. 8.80111. 11.24TV. 10.70ZrO.14.0 115.1715.4316.09K20.0.751.240.420.50Ce20,. FeO.2.35 5.964.07 7%- 7.325.19 5.92H2O.1.242-500.901.77MnO. CaO.0.64 10-770-52 10.632-82 11.761-50 1 a . aSp. gr.2.9282.9083.0813.000I. Eudialite from 'Kangerdluarsuk, Greenland ; II. From Brevig,Norway ; 111. Prom Sigter.5, Norway ; 1V. From Aro, Norway. Theformula given by the author for the eudialite of Greenland and ofBrevig is NaC1,2R'6R''3( Si,Zr)10026, and for the eudialite of Sigteroand Aro is NaC1,R'1zR''g(Si,Zr)25065.B. H. B.Zeolites from Chili. By L. DARAPSKY (Jahrb. f. Nin., 1888, i,Mem., 65--67).-The author has subjected various zeolites, from themineralogical collection of the National Museum of Santiago, tochemical examination. The analytical results were as follows :-SiO2. A1203. CaO. N%O. H,O. K20. Fe203. Total.I. 52.67 19.80 11.25 - 16.29 - - 100.0111. 54.60 - 29.52 1.06 15.03 -- - 100.21IrI. 47-69 25-45 14-05 - 13.25 - - 100.44IV. 4&i$ 25.99 9-11 5.23 16.41 - - 92-48V. 45.15 26.53 11-86 2-24 13.81 0.45 - 100.04VI. 43-37 24.27 21.74 0.96 5.28 - 4.44 100.26I. Hypostilbite from altered amygdaloydal porphyry at theHacienda La Quinta at Curic6 ; formula, 2Ca0,2AlzO3,9SiOz,5HZO.11.Okenite from the Rio Pntagan ; formula, 9Ca0,3SiOz,3Hz0. Thisappears to be identical with the zeolite from Greenland termedbordite by Dufrenoy. 111. Scolenite, accompanying the okenite ;sp. gr. 2.1 5 ; formula, CaO,A1,O3,3SiO2.3H2O. IV. Typical mesolitefrom the Desert of Atacama. V. A dense form of the same mineralcoating the weathered rock of the Rodaito Mines in the Province ofCoquimbo. VI. Prehnite, in green globular masses, from the RodaitoMines, associated with calcice crystals, and containing small, blackscales or wires of natural amalgam (Ag3gHg). B. H. B.Manganese-bearing Idocrase from Sweden. By L. J. IGEL-STROM (Jahrb, f. Min., 1887, ii, Ref., 453, from Bull. SOC. franp. min.,9, %Z -24) .--The mineral occurs with mangauese-garnet, manganese-epidote, and manganese-silicate in limestone at the Jakobsbergmanganese mine in Wermland.The crystals exhibit the forms UP,WP, 03Po0, P. In thick plates, the colour is black ; in powder, dark-violet. In thin sections, the mineral is highly pleochroic, having anamethyst and orange colour. In chemical composition it is character236 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.ised by a remarkably high percentage of manganese, copper, andlead, as is shown by the following analytical results :-Si02. A1203. FeO. MnO. CuO. PbO. CaO. MgO. Total.38.07 13-88 5-08 4 7 2 2.16 1.80 25-60 5.07 938.38B. H. B.Beryl from Madagascar. By A. DAMOUR (Jahrb. f. M A , 1888,i, Ref., 9, from Bull. SOC. frnnp. min., 9, 153--154).-The crystaldescribed was found with tourmaline, quartz, and triphane at Fara-fatrana, on the east coast of Madagascar.I t is characterised by itspink coloar. Its composition is as follows :-SiO,. A1203. BeO. FeO. MnO. CaO. Ignition. Total. Sp. gr.66.56 18.66 12.47 0.09 0.21 0.06 2.30 100.35 2.72B. H. B.So-called Soda Granites. By A. GERHARD (Jnh~b. f. Mi%., 1887,ii, Mem., 267--275).-Althongh in the analyses of most granites, thepercentage of potash exceeds that of soda, yet certain granites areknown in which the opposite is the case. Attention was first drawnto such granites in 1856 by Halighton, who termed them soda-granites.The author has made a series of careful analyses. of typical examplesof these rocks, and finds that in the granites of Baveno, both the redand the white varieties, and in those of Bejby in Sweden, the soda isnot, as stated by former observers, in excess of the potash. Theserocks, consequently, should no longer be regarded as soda-p-anites.I n the granite of Ulferud, in Sweden, the author finds 74.77 per cent.of silica, 2.65 per cent.of potash, and 4.40 per cent. of soda, thus con-firming the results obtained by Hummel arid Erdmann. This rock isthus a true soda-granite. In addition to microcline, ortboclase, quartz,muscovite, biotite, zircon, and apatite, i t contains a plagioclase-felspar,which gave on anelysis the following resnlts :-Si02. A1203. CaO. K20. N+O. Total. Sp. p.67.99 19.23 1-84 1.25 9.69 100*00 2.63and must therefore be regarded as an almost pure albite.B. H. B.Albite in Norwegian Pegmatites.By A. LACROIX ( J d ~ b . f.Min., 1887, ii, Ref., 455, from Bull. SOC. franq. mi%., 9, 131-134).-The albite in tjhe pegmatite veins of Moss, Hittera, and Ytterhy isalways emylanted on microcline, and is accompanied by quartz, calcite,and a mica differing from the muscovite of the rock." The crystalsare poorly developed, the predominating form being mPm. Bands ofalbite contained in the microcline appear to be younger than thatmineral. An analysis of the albite of Garta near Arendal gave thefollowing results :-SiO,. A1203. Na,O. E20. Total. Sp. gr.68.40 19.89 10-69 0.90 99.88 2.601B. H. B.Griqualandite. B,v B. R. BROUGH (Chern. News, 56, 244).-Theauthor shows that the analysis of the supposed new mineral describeMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY.237hy Hepburn (Abstr., 1887, 709) as griqualmdite, corresponds moreclosely with the simple formula H,0,Be203,4Si02, than with the morecomplicated formula given. The pewfitage compositions demandedby the two formulae are-SiO,.. Fe20,. H20.H2Fe,Si,0 12. , . . . . . . . . 5 7.42 38.28 4.30H,,Fe,Si,O,, . . . . . . . . 56.80 37.87 5.33The formula IEz0,Fe203,4SiOz for griqualand’ite is analogous to thatof crociddite, aegirine, and arfvcdsonite, Na20,Fe203,4Si02. Griqua-landite must therefore be regarded as a crocidolihe in which hydrogenis substituted for sodium. I t is not a pseudomorph after crocidolite,but rather a fibrous hornblende or uralite resulting from the alterationof that mineral. B. H. B.NTineral Veins, By Ii“.SANDBERGER (Zeit. Rryst. Min., 13, 409-417).-This memoir is an abstract of the second volume of theauthor’s treatise on mineral veins, in which he brings fopward furtherevidence in support of the lateral secretion theory of the genesis ofmineral veins. This theory assumes that water percolating throughthe country-rock has, by the aid of carbonic acid and other naturalsolvents, dissolved out of i t a11 the minerals now forming the consti-tuents of mheral veins. The gveater portion of the volume isoccupied by a discassion of the genesis of mineral, veins in crystallineand stratified rocks.In discussing the tin-ore veins in lithionite-gpanite, the authorapplies the term protolithionite to a dark lithium mica found in themanite masses of Cornwall, the Erzgebirge, and the Fichtelgebirge.I n this mica, as much as 0.22 pel cent.of tin oxide has been detected.The deposition of the tin ore, of zinnwaldite, and of turmaline infissures in the granite is due to the decomposition of this mica.Prosopite is formed by the action of dissolved calcium carbonate ontopaz. The fluorine derived from the mica, explains the presence offluorspar in the veins. Tin has also been detected in the potassium-mica of Villeder in Morbihm, and consequently the author regardsthe tin-ore veins of that district as formed by lateral secretion, whilsthe regards the tin ore in the pegmatite of Finbo, in the beds ofPitkaranta and Breitenbruun, as primitive. At Marienberg in Saxony,tin-ore veins occur in gneiss. In their formation by being dissolvedout of the mica in the country-rock, the constituents, silica and tinoxide, least soluble in alkaline carbonates, were deposited first ; thenfollowed arsenic and copper; then cobalt and nickel ores, barytes(derived from the orthoclase of the country-rock) ; and lastly calciteand silver ores.In tbe mica of the mica-schist of Ehrenfriedersdorf, which is traversed by tin-ore veins, tin,arsenic, and fluorine have been detected. Lastly, small quantities oftin have been discovered in the phyllites of various districts. Iuthose of Eibenstock and Johanngeorgenstadt, boron has also beenfound. This discovery enables the formation of interstratified turma-line-schist in these phyllites to be explained.The tin-ore deposits inSecondary mica is absent.VOL. LIV. 1238 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.limestone at Campiglia were undoubtedly derived from an eruptirerock in the vicinity.The Freiberg gneiss is extremely rich in mica, and in this mineralthe majority of the metals occurring in the veins of that district havebeen detected. The barytes, however, appears to have been derivedfrom the felspar of the country-rock. The metals contained ineruptive rocks of recent age, for instance, in the basalt of Striethand in the phonolite of Hohenkrahen, segregate in fissures as mag-netic or iron pyrites o r as hydrated ferric oxide. The ore veins ofTransylvania and of America are thought by the author to haveheen formed in a similar manner by leaching out of the andesites, &c.I n the micas of Hnngarian rocks, all the metals occurring in themineral veins are found, whilst fluorine is absent'.This is in accordwith the known rare occurrence of fluorspar in those veins. Thebarytes is derived from the anorthic felspar of the country-rocks. Atthe Cornstock lode, the lateral secretion theory has been confirmed bythe dscovery of the precious metals in the ftugite of the country-rock. The mineral veins of Caracoles in Jurassic limestone havebeen derived from the adjacent quartz-trachyte. The metals in thisrock are contained for the most part in the hornblende, whilst in thefelspar is contained a considerable proportion of barium, which appearsin the veins as barytes. B. H. B.Composition of the Meteorite of Saint-Denis-Westrem. ByC.KL~MENT (Jcchrb. .f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 45, from Bull. mas. roy. hist.nat. BeZg., 4, 273-282).-The anal3 sis of the meteorite from Saint-Denis-Westrem in East Flanders, gave the following results :-SiO,. A1203. Cr203. FeO. CaO. MgO. Na20.40.20 2.54 O%O 16.22 2-00 25.08 0.99Fe. Ni. co. S. Total.10.37 1.24 0.12 2.12 101.78From these results, the author calculates the following mineralo-gical composition :-Chrome-iron, ( PeCr204), 1.33 ; iron sulphide,( Fe7S8), 5*:37 ; nickel-iron, 8.48 ; bronzite, 26.18 ; olivine, 46.41. Theremaining 14.01 per cent., which consist,s of-SiO,. Al,03. CaO. MgO. NaaO.7-88 2-54 2.00 0-60 0.99may perhaps be plagioclase (maskelynite). B. H. B.Mineral Springs in the Peninsula of Methana.By A. K.DAMRERGIS (Brr., 20, 3328-3330).-The sulphur springs of Methanwrise on the coast on the east side of the Chelona range near thevillage of Wromolimni, a t about the sea, level. The temperature OEthe vater-which rises in more than 24 springs forming t>hree separategroups-varies from 26.4" to 31" ; the specific gravity of the watervaries from 1.02865 to 1.02882. The watcr, when examined under thMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2391.0 -13430.02280 -03130~00000 -03880 -02760.00080 -04490 *08400 -0065--0*032,4microscope, was found to contain the bacteria Beggiutou nivea, oftenfound in sulphurous wa.ters. The water from the various springsshowed almost identical composition. The analysis of water from oneof the springs gave in parts per 10,000 :--NaCl, 297.630 ; KCI, 6.960 ;MgCl,, 36.948 ; MgBr2, 0.584 ; CaS04, 21.357 ; MgS04, 18.486 ;CaCO,, 4.600; MgCO,, 2,250; Fe,O,, 0.038; A1303, 0.019; Si02,0.485 ; organic matter, 0.042 ; total solids, 389.399. GO2 as bicarbon-ate, 3.200; CO, free, 7.218 ; SH,, 0.109 ; total mineral constituents,399.926. Besides this the water contained traces of ammonia, nitricacid, phosphoric acid, iodine, and fluorine. L. T. T.2.---0 -19020.07M0 -01700 '00100 -01670 -00630'01060 -01790 -12950.0250- -0 0200Analyses of Water from Artesian Wells. By C . KLEMENT(Jahrb. f. Min., 1888, i, Ref., 71-72, from Bull. mus. roy. hist. nat. Belg.,3, 1- 97).-The wells investigated are in Brussels or its immediatevicinity. The bore-holes struck water, below a bed of clay, in fissuredchalk underlain by rocks of Silurian age. The following are the depthsand temperatures of the water :-1. Hospital St. Pierre, Rue Haute,Brussels, 94.5 m., 15.2" ; 2. Distillery, St. Gilles, 65.62 m., 1;11.8" ; 3.Candle factory, Cureghem, 73 m., 12.5"; 4. Godin foundry, Laekm.'106.9 m., 12.5"; 5. St. Sauveur baths, Brussels, 75 m., 12.8"; 6.Boeck brewery, Koekelberg, 115.5 rn., 12.0" ; 7. Brewery, Anderlecht,95 m., 12.2" ; 8. Starch manufactory, Machelen, 82 m., 12.5" Theanalyses were conducted in accordance with Bunsen's method wihhthe following resulh :-3.--0 -08520 '0425 -0 -0020 -0.02860.01740 -46180.04330-02570 * 01730 -03980 -0274--CaC03 ......MgC03 ......Na2C0, .....K2NO3.. .....I(2SOj. ......Ca904 ......MgO12 .......Nat'l .......KCl.. .......SiOz ........Org. subs. ....C02 free ..... 00, .........4.0 -10840 *05930 *05690 -00210 -0256--0 -04900-01750*03000 '01780 '10240 '0074-5.0.18110 *09760 *06060.00160 '0174 --0 '00200 '02300 '03200 '01350 -16590 -0143 --6.0 -06790-03620 '06530 -00140 -0263 --0 -19800 -01770 '03020-01600 -07590 -0032 -7.--.0 -09980 * 04920 '01400 *00080 *0374I -0.44i090 '00930.02580.02450 '07550 -00458.-_0.12950-06860 *0'726trace0 -0263 --0 *01020.02330 *0:3020.01150.12310 -0084 -B. H. B