Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease in the central nervous system. In the past considered rare in industrialized countries, substantial immigration from endemic areas has caused a significant increase in prevalence. Neurocysticercosis is the main cause of late-onset epilepsy and a major cause of several neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to present the characteristics of this disease relevant to anesthesiologists to improve their knowledge of neurocysticercosis and its complications.