hf INERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. Mineralogical Chemistry. ii. 61 Water and the Volcanic Gases. ARTHUR L. DAY and E. S. SHEPHERD (Compt. rend. 1913 157 958-961).-A study of the volcanic gases collected from the crater of Kilauea during the summer of 1912. Contrary to the results recorded by Brun (com- pare Recherches exhalaison volcaihique 191 l) the authors obtained abundant evidence of the presence of water in these gases by inserting a collecting tube into crevices in the lava behind the flames and withdrawing a sample by means of a pump. The gases collected consisted mainly of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide with small quantities of carbon monoxide hydrogen and nitrogen. The water condensed in the sample tube was found to contain fluorine chlorine sodium potassium calcium iron and aluminium in the form of dissolved salts and free sulphur but no titanium.W. G. Conclusions to be Drawn from the AnaIysis of the Gases from t h e Crater of Kilauea. ARTEUR L. DAY and E. 5. SHEPHERD (Compt. rend. 191 3 157 1027-1030. Compare preceding abstract). -In the gases as collected analysis reveals the presence of gases which are unable to co-exist a t a temperature equal t o or above 1000°. Consequently reactions will take place particularly a t the surface with the development of heat and the authors have found temperature variations of as much as 115O. The gases exhaled undoubtedly contain water 300 cx. having been condensed in the experimental tubes. The visible volcanic cloud is constituted essentially by free sulphur and not by chlorides and contains both sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide.The analyses of the gases show that the chlorine content is less than 0.02%. The nitrogen collected contains no argon this being further proof of the absence of atmospheric contamination W. G. Bournonite from St. Kreue Aleace. Huao BUCEIN~ ( ~ U i t t Geol. Londesanst. Elsass-Lothringen 19 13 8 201-21 3).-Crynt allo- graphic descriptions are given of bournonite and xanthoconite from St. Kreuz near Markirch. Analysis by L. Durr of the bournonite gave Pb. Cu. Sb. S . Total. Sp. g ~ . 43'35 12.86 24.53 19-17 99'91 5.81 L. J. S. Dolomite (variety Miemite) from Croatia. FR. TU~AN (Jalwb. Min.. 1913 ii Rd. 377-378; from SOC. Sci. Nat. Croat. 1913 25 194).-The rniemite variety of dolomite (anal. I) long known from Curoatia occurs as small veins in serpentine and trachyte a t Mount Fruska.The pisolitea measure up to 5 cm. across and have polyhedral outlines; in cross- It is pale green with a pisolitic structure.ii. 62 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. sectio,n they show a concentric structure and usually a nucleus of decomposed dacite but in one instance of magnesite (anal. 11). Occasionally the mineral occurs as masses with a banded struc- ture 111. SiO,. A1,0,. Fe,O FeO. NiO. MuO. CizO. QO. CO,. HoO. Total. 1. 0.28 0.18 - 3'17 0.23 0.12 30.01 17.63 47.58 - 99'20 11. 0.59 0.01 3.62 1.03 - trace 6'04 39'80 48.71 0.63 100'63 111. 2'53 0.38 - 1'21 trace trace 29.58 20'28 45.56 - 99'54 L. J. S. Cerussite from 0 tavi German South-West Africa. HEDWIG DUBIGK (Diss. Munster i.W. 1913 ; JaJleb. Mi%. Bd.-Bd. 1913 36 214-246).-A brief account is given of the deposits of copper and lead ores in the Otavi Mountains. Beautifully crystallised speci- mens of cerussite from Tsumeb show associated malachite and chessylite on a matrix of aplite and. cellular dolomite. The axial ratios of the crystals are a b c = 0.610160 1 0'723182. Refrac- tive indices (Na-light) a = 1.80258 The optic axial angle increases with the temperature 2E(Na) a t 2 5 O being 17O50/ and a t 180° the value is 22O45/. Analysis of pure crystals gave 1'110. CO,. Insol. Total. 83.27 16.64 0'24 100-15 = 2.07420 y = 207618. L. J. S. Natural Chilean Aluminium Sulpbate. ATILIO A. BADO (Anal. SOC. Quim. Argentina 1913 1 129 -13O).-Keramohalite or alunogen occurring as a white fibrous mass soluble in water gave on analysis Al,O,.CaO. Na,O. SO,. H,O. Total. 17.76 0.05 0.04 37.38 44.77 100'00 agreeing with the formula Al,0(S0,),,12H20. G. D. L. Yukonite a New Hydrous Arsenate of Iron and Calcium from Yukon Canada. JOSEPH B. TYRRELL and RICHARD P. D. GRAHAM ( Y r m s . Boy. SOC. Ca?zudct 1913 [3] 7 sect. 4).-The mineral described occurs as small irregular masses with oxidised galena in a quartz-vein near Tagish Lake in the southern portion of Yukon territory. It is brownish-black resinous and amorphous breaking with a smooth conchoidal fracture thus resembling pitticite in appearance. It is very brittle and under water it breaks up with a crackling noise giving off a considerable quantity of gas which consists mainly of carbon dioxide.Whilst immersed in water D increases from 2.65 t o 2.86. Ths mineral is complefxly soluble in hydrochIoric acid and it fuses readily to a black magnetic globule giving off fumes of arsenic oxide. About half of the total water is lost in a vacuum or a t looo whilst the remainder is expelled only at a high temperature together with some amenic oxide. The f ollo wing analysis corresponds with 2Ca,A~08,3Fe2,As,08,5Fe,(0H)6,23H,0,MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. ii. 63 or nearly (C~,Fq,)As20,~Fe2(OH),,5H,0. This composition is similar to that of arseniosiderite with the addition of water. CaO. Fe,O,. Rs,O,. H,O. Total. 10.07 36'26 33-94 20.28 100.55 Coating the yukonite is a yellow ochreous material of apparently the same composition and embedded in this are small green fibres of symplesite.L. J. S. GIOVANNI D' ACIIIARDI (Jahd. Min. 1913 ii fief. 381 ; from Proc. Verb. soc. l'oscana sci. flat. 1912 Reprint 5 pp.).-Radially-fibrous anthophyllite with a silky lustre and salmon colour is found in quantity in the magnesite mine a t San Piero in Campo. It exhibits all the characters of an ortho- rhombic amphibole. Analysis agrees with (Mg,Fe)SiO,. Anthophgllite from Elba. H,O H,O SiO,. Al,O,. FeO. MgO. Na,O. (at 160*). (ign.). Total. Sp. gr. 58.75 1-27 5-60 31.53 0.51 0 2 5 1.70 99.61 2.95 L. J. S. Tremolite from Elba. PIERO ALOISI (Jahrb. Min. 1913 ii Ref. 382 ; from Yroc. Verb. Soc. Toscana Sci. Nat. 1912 Reprint 4 pp.).- Fibrous to columnar tremolite fills crevices in peridotite on Monte Perone. Analysis gave SiO,. A1,0,. FeO.CaO. BIg0. Ns,O. K,O. H,O. Total. 54'21 0.74 2.22 13-56 24'86 1.10 0'35 2.54 99-58 L. J. S. Magnesia-Tourmalines. KARL EECU'HT (Diss. Beidelberg 19 13 1-75) ; ERNST A. WULFING and KARL BECHT (Sitz.-Ber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss. 1913 A Abh. 20 1-lo).-Determinations were made of the crystallographic and optical constants of a number of brown magnesia-tourmahes. Analyses by M. Dittrich are given of the following I yellowish-brown from Macomb New York; 11 dark brown from Post Stmjo East Africa; 111 pale brown from Ceylon; IV medium brown from Ceylon; V dark brown from Ceylon B,03 FiO> Ti203 AI2O3. FezOJ. FeO. MgO. CaO. Sa2O. LitO. KzO. H2O. F. Total. 81). gr. 111. [11'36] 35 46 - 2 9 . 3 - 0 46 14.04 2 1 3 0'23 11.d. 0 20 3.55 11 d. 100'00 3'059 IV. [l0*57] 36-51 11.d.30.00 - 0.74 12.64 3'91 0.72 n d. 0 5 t 4.17 n d. 100'00 3.059 V. 11'47 35'15 3'43 25'30 1%; 5'21 10.16 3'07 0'53 0'15 0.28 2 SS 0'12 100'22 3'142 I. 10.23 37.05 0'56 2S.61 d.44 1'31 13-66 2.97 1-43 - 0.31 3'05 1'23 loo's9 3.066 11. 11'11 36'98 0'02 325'7 - 3.55 9.50 0.26 1 1 2 - n.19 20s 0.14 99.31 3.055 The composition is expressed as the isomorphous mixing of the three molecules Sil2B6A1,,Na,H& Si,,B6A1,,Fe,H,06 vd Si,2B,A~,,Mg,2H606 (A. 191 3 ii 7 18). Tables ar0 given showing the variation of the crystallographic and optical constants with the density of the chemical composition. J o n ~ R. SCRIVENOR (Min. Mi. 1913 17 51-52).-The samples examined have the form of a pale green sand obtained as a concentrate from the Yong Choon district in province Kwang Tung.Mixed with it are small quanti- ties of malachite calcite quartz etc. The grains are optically L. J. 8. Calcium-iron Garnet from China.ii. 64 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. isotropic and occasionally show cubic forms. The mineral is attacked by cold hydrochloric acid and when powdered it is readily and completely decomposed by hot acid. Analysis of a cleaned sample gave Loss on SiO,. Fe,O,. AI,O,. CnO. MgO. ignition. Total. Sp. gr. 40.26 28'62 2.61 28.29 trace 0.94 100.72 3'69 proving the mineral to be andradite but the fact that it is so readily decomposed by acid before ignition is remarkable for a garnet. L. J. S. Hodgkinsonite a New Mineral from Franklin Furnace New Jersey. C. PALACHE and W. T. SCHALLEB (J. Washington Acad. Sci. 1913 3 474-478).-This occurs together with bnrytes and native copper in films and thin seams in the granular willemite- franklinite ore.It is bright pink t o pale reddish-brown with a vitreous lustre and white streak. D 3-91 H nearly 5. The crystals are monoclinic (a b c = 1.539 1 1.1165 ; p =84O33&') with an acute pyramidal habit and a perfect basal cleavage. The optic axial plane is parallel to the plane of symmetry and the mean refractive index is 1-73. The mineral decrepitates when heated and fuses to a brown enamel; no water is lost a t l l O o . It is readily soluble in acid yielding gelatinous silica. Analysis gives the formula SRO,SiO,,H,O or nearly Mn0,2Zn0,Si02,H20 or Mn(ZnOH),Si@,. SiO,. MnO. ZnO. CaO. MgO. H,O. Total. 19-86 20'68 52.93 0.93 0.04 5.77 100'21 L.J. S. Presence of Manganese Cobalt and Nickel in Coloured Clays. L. AZEMA (Bull. SOC. fiunq. M'in -1913 36 133-135).- The minerals examined include montmorillonite from Bordes (A 1913 ii 784) and other French localities and from Branchville Connecticut ; also delanouite dubuissonite and landevanite. All these contain traces of manganese and with the exception of monb morillonite from Branchville and landevanite also traces of cobalt and-nickel. These coloured clays usually occur in proximity to deposits of manganese ores. Psilomelane from various French localities was found t o contain besides cobalt also appreciable traces of nickel. L. J. S. Meteoric Stones of Baroti India and Wittekrantz South Africa,. GEORGE T. PRIOR (Min. Mag. 1913 17 22-32).-A meteorite fell a t Baroti Bilaspur district Punjab on September 15th 1910 and several fragments of the stone the largest weighing 4$ lbs.were collected. D 3.54. A few chondrules are visible. From analyses of the portions of the powdered stone attracted and unattracted by a magnetic comb the bulk-analysis I is deduced. A partial analysis of the soluble silicate in the unattracted portionMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. ii. 65 gave 3Mg,Si0,1FqSi04 as the composition of the olivine. mineral composition is under Ia The Metallic. FeS. A Fe. S. SiO,. TiO,. A1,0,. Fe,O,. Cr,O,. I. 8-13 0.75 0.03 4.32 2'47 39.68 0'16 2'40 0'44 0'18 11. 7.65 0.75 0.02 2.20 1'26 41'12 0.17 2-54 0.48 0'36 FeO. MnO. CaO. MgO. Na,O. K,O. P,O,. H,O. Total. t I. 13.93 trace 1.79 24.71 0.91 0.04 0.25 0.17 100'42 11.14-51 0.15 2'12 25.40 1.16 0'14 0.16 0.16 100.35 Magnet- Chrom- Apat- Oli- Troil- Nickel- Pelspar. ite. Ilmenite. ite. ite? Bronzite. vine. ite. iron. Water. Ia. 10.25 0.63 0.31 0.27 0-56 30-38 42-12 6.79 8.91 0.17 IIa. 11.95 0.70 0.32 0.52 0.37 26-89 47'42 3'46 8-42 0.16 The meteoric stone of Wittekrantz Beaufort West Cape Colony fell on December 9th 1880 and fragments weighing 44 lbs. and 113 grams were preserved. D 3.49. Chondrules are few. Bulk- analysis (combined result of the analyses of the attracted and unab tracted portions) under 11 and the mineral composition under IIu. The olivine has the composition 3Mg2Si04,Fe@0,. The Remarkable Similarity in Chemical and Mineral Compoaition of Chondritic Meteoric Stones. GEORGE T. PRIOR (Min. Mag 1913 17 33-38).-The close similarity between the Baroti and Wittekrantz meteorites (preceding abstract) suggested a comparison with other chondritic meteoric stones and the resulb of previously-published analyses of forty-one such stones are tabu- lated. The mineral composition approximates in all cases to the following mean value L.J. S. Rickel-iron Olivine Bronzite (with (with (with Felspar Chromite. Fe :Ni=lO 1). Troilite. Mg Pe=3 1). Mg Fe=4 1). (oligoclase). etc. 9 6 44 30 10 1"1 Although so similar in ehemical and mineral composition these stones have been assigned to a number of different groups in the Brezina and quantitative rock classifications (A. 1912 ii 361) the differences in the latter case being due to errors in analysis more especially with regard to the allotment of the iron as metal as oxide or as sulphide. L. J. 5. Mineral Water from Deutsch- Jassnik Moravia. M. GLASER (T~lch. Illin. Petr. Mitt. 1912 [i.e. 19131 31 659-662).-Detailed analyses arc given of the water from two springs. They show 1.3056 and 2.8801 grams Ca(HCO& 22.6984 and 24.1074 grams free carbon dioxide respectively together with small amounts of other substances in 10,000 grams of water. L. J. S. VOL. CVI. ii. 5