SUMMARYFour groups of boys (totalling 129) with and without reading retardation and antisocial behaviour were compared and contrasted on many items related to current behaviour and family background in order to study the degree and nature of the association between the two disorders.The results show a strong association between the two disorders but that boys with both disorders do not closely resemble either boys with only reading or boys with only antisocial problems. This differs from other findings and the reason for this and the possible nature of the association are discussed.