Twenty‐three species of chetonotid gastrotrichs are reported from three islands of the Tuscan Archipelago (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). The island of Elba is the largest in the archipelago and has the most sand beaches. It possesses the greatest diversity of gastrotrich fauna, with 17 known species. The island of Capraia ranks second with 12 species, and the island of Giglio is third with 8 species.Chaetonotus napoleonicusfrom the island of Elba andChaetonotus aegilonensistogether withHalichaetonotus marivagus,both from the island of Capraia, are described as new species. A clarification of the diagnostic characters ofC. atrox, C. disparandC. neptuniis given.Xenotrichula carolinensisis synonymized withX. intermedia.