AbstractThe present work analyzes by light microscopy circulating blood cells and lymphoid organs of the caecilian,ichthyophis kohtaoensis.Peripheral blood contains erythrocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, easinophils and basophils. Thymus, liver and spleen are the major lymphomyeloid organs in this caecilian and there is not a haemopoietic functioning bone marrow. The results are discussed on the basis of the possible phylogenetic positions of the Apoda emphasizing their relationships to the Urodela.