The magnitudeSof a certain signal is to be measured in the presence of a noiseN. In order to improve the accuracy of the measurement, it will be repeated and essentially averaged by summing all the measurements. Consider a measuring device which at each stage of measurement adds or subtracm exactly one bit at the low end of a counter. Assume that the signalStogether with an additive noiseNis essentially restricted to some interval say −1 ≤S≤ 1. The interval [−1, 1] is divided by a mesh of reference values