It is well known how the lithotriptors operate and the discussion concerning the mechanisms of target disintegration are continued. Meanwhile, to understand these mechanisms means to obtain a possibility to influence on the fracture process. The spall mechanism, as a result of acting with the shear forces, the crack growth inside a stone, and an erosion mechanism (impacts of cumulative microjets forming at bubble collapse in the cavitation zone near a target wall), were suggested by Sturtevant, Kuwahara, Delius, Takayama, Groenig, Crum, and others to explain the disintegration effects observed. At the same time, all authors do not deny a rise of the cavitation zone in the vicinity of a focus under the action of a negative pressure phase in ‘‘a tail’’ of a shock wave. However, the role of the cavitation cluster is interpreted in different ways assuming that this effect is a secondary one. This paper proposes an approach to the estimation of the disintegration mechanism, which is based on the development and dynamics of the cavity cluster in a focus vicinity. Within the framework of a two‐phase model of cavitating liquid the problem of bubbly cluster development and its collapse on a solid wall are considered. The experimental data on a simulation of cavity cluster pulsation on a target and the idea that hydraulic impacts generated by cluster can determine the mechanics of target disintegration in a focusing zone of shock wave and its rarefaction phase are discussed.