Agriculture has always had a major role in the Turkish economy; nevertheless the country has been continuously expanding industrialization, constantly diminishing the relative share of agriculture in the Turkish GDP in the last decades. Turkey's Southeastern Anatolian Project (SAP—value US$32 million) is a comprehensive regional development plan aiming at increasing the level of agricultural income fivefold by creating a vast agricultural and agroindustrial potential in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers through one of the greatest irrigation projects in the world. This article provides an overview of the past, present, and future of Turkish agriculture and agroindustries, as well as a summary on SAP and its current situation.