SummaryAfter a review of the methods used for the detection of thyroid autoantibodies, two clinical observations are presented where oedematous exophtalmia and ophtalmoplegia are associated with chronic aspecific thyroiditis and thyroid autoimmune reactions.The first patient was a 44 years old man. A three years thyroid extract treatment was followed by a complete goitre regression, a cure of the ocular trouble and a subsidence of the autoimmune reactions.The second patient was a 50 years old woman. The clinical and biological symptoms were more severe. Treatment by thyroid extract and triiodothyronine associated with prednisolone and beta-methasone resulted in a size decrease of the goitre, a remarquable relief of ocular troubles and an attenuation of autoimmune reactions and blood proteins perturbations.In these two observations, the symptoms appeared after a succession of psychic trauma. It seems possible that we arc dealing with Grave disease cases, whose the hyperthyroid components have been neutralized by early development of thyroiditis phenomena.The hypothesis is considered of autoimmune reactions intervening in ocular trouble pathogeny.