Book reviewed in this article:GENERAL: IDENTIFYING PEOPLE IN THE PAST. Edited by E. A. Wrigley.GENERAL: APPLIED HISTORICAL STUDIES: AN INTRODUCTORY READER. Edited by Michael Drake.GENERAL: D. P. Dymond's ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY: A PLEA FOR RECONCILIATIONGENERAL: A HISTORY OF SEAFARING BASED ON UNDERWATER ARCHAFDLOGY. Edited by George F. Bass.GENERAL: THE HISTORY PRIMER. By J. H. Hexter.GENERAL: DOING HISTORY. By J. H. Hexter.GENERAL: THE SPECIOUS PAST: HISTORIANS AND OTHERS. By Pardon E. Tillinghast.GENERAL: The only likely source of disappointment for the reader of John Clive's THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY: THE SHAPING OF THE HISTORIANGENERAL: Jane Millgate's MACAULAYGENERAL: METAHISTORY: THE HISTORICAL IMAGINATION IN NINETEENTH‐CENTURY EUROPE. By Hayden White.GENERAL: DENKEN ÜBER GESCHICHTE: AUFSÄTZE ZUR HEUTIGEN SITUATION DES GESCHICHTLICHEN BEWUSSTSEMS UND DER GBSCHICHTSWISSENSC. Edited by Friedrich Engel‐Janosi, Grete Klingenstein and Heinrich Lutz.GENERAL: TOYNBEE ON TOYNBEE: A CONVERSATION BETWEEN ARNOLD J. TOYNBEE AND G. R. urban.GENERAL: FESTSCHRIFT FÜR HERMANN HEIMPEL, VOL. III. Edited by Max‐Planck Institut für Geschichte.GENERAL: WAR AND SOCIETY: HISTORICAL ESSAYS IN HONOUR AND MEMORY OF J. R. WESTERN 1928–1971. Edited by M. R. D. Foot.GENERAL: NATIONALISM AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM. By F. H. Hinsley.GENERAL: SOVEREIGN EQUALITY AMONG STATES: THE HISTORY OF AN IDEA. By Robert A. Klein.GENERAL: THE IDEOLOGY OF ORDER: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF JEAN BODIN AND THOMAS HOBBES. By Preston King.GENERAL: RURAL PROTEST: PEASANT MOVEMENTS AND SOCIAL CHANGE. Edited by Henry A. Landsberger.GENERAL: ENGLISH RURAL COMMUNITIES: THE IMPACT OF A SPECIALISED ECONOMY. Edited by Dennis R. Mills.GENERAL: PERSPECITVES IN ENGLISH URBAN HISTORY. Edited by Alan Everitt.GENERAL: HAMPSTEAD: BUILDING A BOROUGH 1650–1964. By F. M. L. Thompson.GENERAL: VICTORIA HISTORY OF THE COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE AND THE ISLE OF ELY, VOL. V. Edited by C.R. Elrington.GENERAL: It was an excellent idea on the part of the Oxfordshire Rural Community Council to commission a handbook for the benefit of the growing army of local historians, and OXFORDSHIRE: A HANDBOOK FOR STUDENTS OF LOCAL HISTORY, edited by D. M. Barratt and D. G. VaiseyGENERAL: BRITISH GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION: STUDIES PRESENTED TO S. B. CHRIMES. Edited by H. Hearder and H. R. Loyn.GENERAL: BLACK AND WHITE: THE NEGRO AND ENGLISH SOCIETY, 1555–1945. By James Walvin.GENERAL: OXFORD LIFE IN OXFORD ARCHIVES. By W. A. Pantin.GENERAL: AUBREY ON EDUCATION. Edited by J. E. Stephens.GENERAL: PRISCA MUNIMENTA: STUDIE IN ARCHIVAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY PRESENTED TO DR. A. E. J. HOLLAENDER, edited by Felicity RangerGENERAL: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BRITISH AND IRISH MUNICIPAL HISTORY, VOLUME I: GENERAL works. By G. H. Martin and Sylvia McIntyre.GENERAL: Over the last thirty years H. V. Livermore has steadily established himself as an authority on Portuguese history. He adds to his reputation in PORTUGAL: A SHORT HISTORYGENERAL: A HISTORY OF SPAIN AND PORTUGAL. By Stanley G. Payne.GENERAL: A CONCISE HISTORY OF SPAIN. By Henry Kamen.GENERAL: A SOURCE BOOK FOR RUSSIAN HISTORY FROM EARLY TIMES TO 1917. Edited by George Vernadsky, Ralph T. Fisher Jr., Alan D. Ferguson, Andrew Lossky, Sergei Pushkarev.GENERAL: MODERN EUROPE TO 1815 and MODERN EUROPE SINCE 1815 by Peter Gay and R. K. WebbGENERAL: STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF ECONOMIC THEORY BEFORE 1870. By Marian Bowley.GENERAL: ESSAYS IN QUANTITATIVE ECONOMIC HISTORY. Edited, with an Introduction, by Roderick Floud.GENERAL: TEXTILE HISTORY AND ECONOMIC HISTORY: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF MISS JULIA DE LACY MANN. Edited by N. B. Harte and K. G. Ponting.GENERAL: THE WORLD OF EMPIRES. (THE MAKINO OF THE MODERN WORLD, VOL. II.) Edited by Douglas Johnson.GENERAL: BRITAIN'S LEGACY OVERSEAS. By Geoffrey Bolton.MEDIEVAL: THE FONTANA ECONOMIC HISTORY OF EUROPE, VOL. 1: THE MIDDLE AGES 900–1500. Edited by C. M. Cipolla.MEDIEVAL: RELATIONS BETWEEN EAST AND WEST IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Edited by Derek Baker.MEDIEVAL: THE SOURCES OF HISTORY: MEDIEVAL WALES. By R. Ian Jack.MEDIEVAL: OTIUM ET NEGOTIUM, edited by Foke SandmenMEDIEVAL: ANGLO‐SAXON CHARTERS, I: CHARTERS OF ROCHESTER. Edited by A. Campbell.MEDIEVAL: THE KINGDOM OF THE SCOTS: GOVERNMENT, CHURCH AND SOCIETY FROM THE ELEVENTH to the fourteenth century. By G. W. S. Barrow.MEDIEVAL: LEGES HENRICI PRIMI. Edited by L. J. Downer.MEDIEVAL: HENRY II. By W. L. Warren.MEDIEVAL: EUROPE IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES 1150–1309. By John H. Mundy.MEDIEVAL: It is good to have a translation of Boso's LIFE OF ALEXANDER III. It is by G. M. Ellis with an Introduction by Peter MunzMEDIEVAL: THE TEMPLARS IN THE ‘CORONA DE ARAGÓN’. By A. J. Forey.MEDIEVAL: THE EMPEROR FREDERICK II OF HOHENSTAUFEN. By T. C. Van Cleve.MEDIEVAL: DOCUMENTS OF THE BARONIAL MOVEMENT OF REFORM AND REBELLION, 1258–1267. Selected by R. F. Treharne; edited by I. J. Sanders.MEDIEVAL: THE MOVEMENT OF WOOL PRICES IN MEDIEVAL ENGLAND. By T. H. Lloyd.MEDIEVAL: DURHAM PRIORY 1400–1450. By R. B. Dobson.MEDIEVAL: THE POPULAR REVOLUTIONS OF THE LATE MIDDLE AGES. By Michel Mollat and Philippe Wolff. Translated by A. L. Lytton‐Sells.MEDIEVAL: LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DEL RENO DE NAVARRA EN EL SIGLO XIV. By J. Zabalo Zabalegui.MEDIEVAL: LA POBLACIÓN DE NAVARRA EN EL SIGLO XIV. By J. Carrasco Pérez.MEDIEVAL: PEAJES NAVARROS. By A. J. Martín Duque, J. Zabalo Zabalegui and J. Carrasco Pérez.MEDIEVAL: FERRARA: THE STYLE OF A RENAISSANCE DESPOTISM. By Werner L. Gundersheimer.MEDIEVAL: Volume two of the English translation of THE MEMOIRS OF PHILIPPE DE COMMYNES by S. Kinser and I. CazeauxEARLY MODERN: POPULATION, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY IN PRE‐INDUSTRIAL ENGLAND By J. D. Chambers.EARLY MODERN: HERESY AND OBEDIENCE IN TRIDENTINE ITALY: CARDINAL POLE AND THE COUNTER‐REFORMATION. By Dermot Fenlon.EARLY MODERN: THE MID‐TUDOR CRISIS 1539–1563. By Whitney R. D. Jones.EARLY MODERN: SIR WALTER RALEGH: THE RENAISSANCE MAN AND HIS ROLES. By Stephen J. Greenblatt.EARLY MODERN: OTTOMAN IMPERIALISM DURING THE REFORMATION. By C. Max Kortepeter.EARLY MODERN: THE HOUSE OF COMMONS 1604–1610. By Wallace Notestein.EARLY MODERN: THE PARLIAMENT OF 1621. By Robert Zaller.EARLY MODERN: THE PARLIAMENT OF 1624. By Robert E. Ruigh.EARLY MODERN: MEMOIRS OF THE VERNEY FAMILY. By F. P. and M. M. Verney.EARLY MODERN: POLITICS, RELIGION AND THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR. Edited by Brian Manning.EARLY MODERN: SOMERSET IN THE CIVIL WAR AND INTERREGNUM. By David Underdown.EARLY MODERN: THE CIVIL WAR IN BATH AND NORTH SOMERSET. By John Wroughton.EARLY MODERN: THE STATE'S SERVANTS: THE CIVIL SERVICE OF THE ENGLISH REPUBLIC 1649–1660. By G. E. Aylmer.EARLY MODERN: THE DAYS OF DUCHESS ANNE: LIFE IN THE HOUSEHOLD OF THE DUCHESS OF HAMILTON, 1656–1716. By Rosalind K. Marshall.EARLY MODERN: In YOUNG MR. PEPYSEARLY MODERN: GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS AND THE RISE OF SWEDEN. By Michael Roberts.EARLY MODERN: SWEDEN'S AGE OF GREATNESS 1632–1718. Edited by Michael Roberts.EARLY MODERN: COMENIUS AND HUNGARY, edited by E. Földes and I. MészaArosEARLY MODERN: LOTHAR FRANZ VON SCHÖNBORN AND THE DIPLOMACY OF THE ELECTORATE OF MAINZ FROM THE TREATY OF RYSWICK TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE WAR OF SPANISH SUCCESSION by Richard H.EARLY MODERN: WALPOLE AND THE WHIG SUPREMACY. By H. T. Dickinson.EARLY MODERN: ENGLISH HUNGER AND INDUSTRIAL DISORDERS: A STUDY OF SOCIAL CONFLICT DURING THE FIRST DECADE OF GEORGE III'S REIGN. By Walter James Shelton.EARLY MODERN: THE BEGETTERS OF REVOLUTION: ENGLAND'S INVOLVEMENT WITH FRANCE, 1759–89. By Derek Jarrett.LATE MODERN: KEY TREATIES FOR THE GREAT POWERS, 1814–1914. Edited by Michael Hurst.LATE MODERN: THE MAJOR INTERNATIONAL TREATIES, 1914–1973: A HISTORY AND GUIDE WITH TEXTS. By J. A. S. Grenville.LATE MODERN: ENDURANCE AND ENDEAVOUR: RUSSIAN HISTORY 1812–1971. By J. N. Westwood.LATE MODERN: POPULATION SINCE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: THE CASE OF ENGLAND AND WALES. By Neil Tranter.LATE MODERN: CHILDREN IN ENGLISH SOCIETY, VOLUME II: FROM THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY TO THE CHILDREN ACT 1948. By Ivy Pinchbeck and Margaret Hewitt.LATE MODERN: BUILDING THE UNION: STUDIES ON THE GROWTH OF THE WORKERS' MOVEMENT, MEMIC EMERGENCE OF THE BLACK COUNTRY: A STUDY OF THE DUDLEY ESTATE. By T. J. Raybould.LATE MODERN: W. D.&H. O. WILLS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE U.K. TOBACCO INDUSTRY 1786–1965. By B. W. E. Alford.LATE MODERN: THE RELIGIOUS ORDER: A STUDY OF VIRTUOSO RELIGION AND ITS LEGITIMATION IN THE NINETEENTH‐CENTURY CHURCH OF ENGLAND. By Michael Hill.LATE MODERN: VICTORIAN LADIES AT WORK: MIDDLE‐CLASS WORKING WOMEN IN ENGLAND AND WALES 1850–1914. By Lee Holcombe.LATE MODERN: THE BEST CIRCLES: SOCIETY, ETIQUETTE AND THE SEASON. By Leonore Davidoff.LATE MODERN: REGIONAL WAGE VARIATIONS IN BRITAIN 1850–1914. By E. H. Hunt.LATE MODERN: POLICY‐MAKING IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, 1870–1895. By Gillian Sutherland.LATE MODERN: SIR ROBERT MORIER: ENVOY AND AMBASSADOR IN THE AGE OF IMPERIALISM 1876–1893. By Agatha Ramm.LATE MODERN: THE LIBERAL IMPERIALISTS: THE IDEAS AND POLITICS OF A POST‐GLADSTONIAN ELITE. By H. C. G. Matthew.LATE MODERN: MALLET DU PAN (1749–1800): A CAREER IN POLITICAL JOURNALISM. By Frances Acomb.LATE MODERN: ECONOMIC MATERIALISM AND SOCIAL MORALISM: A STUDY IN THE HISTORY OF IDEAS IN FRANCE FROM THE LATTER PART OF THE 18th CENTURY TO THE MIDDLE OF THE 19th century. By Shirley M. Gruner.LATE MODERN: David H. Pinkney's THE FRENCH REVOLUTION OF 1830LATE MODERN: FRANCE AND EUROPE IN 1848: A STUDY OF FRENCH FOREIGN AFFAIRS IN TIME OF CRISIS. By Lawrence C. Jennings.LATE MODERN: METTERNICH UND DIE FRAGE UNGARNS. By Erzsébet Andics.LATE MODERN: THE STRUGGLE FOR GREEK INDEPENDENCE. Edited by Richard Clogg.LATE MODERN: THE UNEASY ALLIANCE: COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE FMNISH OPPOSITION AND THE RUSSIAN UNDERGROUND, 1899–1904. By William R. Copeland.LATE MODERN: TWENTIETH‐CENTURY GERMANY: FROM BISMARCK TO BRANDT. By A. J. Ryder.LATE MODERN: DAS DEUTSCHE KAISERREICH 1871–1918. By Hans‐Ulrich Wehler.LATE MODERN: THE ENIGMATIC CHANCELLOR: BETHMANN HOLLWEG AND THE HUBRIS OF IMPERIAL GERMANY. By Konrad H. Jarausch.LATE MODERN: THE GERMAN NAVAL OFFICER CORPS: A SOCLAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY 1890–1918. By Holger H. Herwig.LATE MODERN: ORGANIZATION, CONFLICT, AND INNOVATION: A STUDY OF GERMAN NAVAL STRATEGIC PLANNING 1888–1940. By Carl‐Axel Gemzell.LATE MODERN: WAR MACHINERY AND HIGH POLICY: DEFENCE ADMINISTRATION IN PEACETIME BRITAIN 1902–1914. By Nicholas d'Ombrain.LATE MODERN: RADICALISM AGAINST WAR 1906–1914: THE ADVOCACY OF PEACE AND RETRENCHMENT. By A. J. Anthony Morris.LATE MODERN: FLEET STREET RADICAL: A O. GARDINER AND THE ‘DAILY NEWS’. By S. E. Koss.LATE MODERN: THE GREAT WAR, 1914–1918. By Marc Ferro.LATE MODERN: HAIG AS MILITARY COMMANDER. By Sir James Marshall‐Cornwall.LATE MODERN: THE FIRST SHOP STEWARDS' MOVEMENT. By James Hinton.LATE MODERN: CHURCH, STATE AND NATION IN IRELAND, 1898–1921. By David W. Miller.LATE MODERN: ANGLO‐SOVIET RELATIONS, 1917–1921, VOLUME III: THE ANGLO‐SOVIET ACCORD. By Richard H. Ullman.LATE MODERN: THE SEIZURE OF POWER: FASCISM IN ITALY 1919–1929. By Adrian Lyttelton.LATE MODERN: ITALIAN FASCISMS FROM PARETO TO GENTILE. Edited by Adrian Lyttelton.LATE MODERN: IGNAZ SEIPEL: CHRISTIAN STATESMAN IN A TIME OF CRISIS. By Klemens von Klemperer.LATE MODERN: HITLER AND THE BEER HALL PUTSCH. By Harold J. Gordon, Jr.LATE MODERN: THE CIVIL‐MILITARY FABRIC OF WEIMAR FOREIGN POLICY. By Gaines Post, Jr.LATE MODERN: THE LIMITS OF FOREIGN POLICY: THE WEST, THE LEAGUE AND THE FAR EASTERN CFUSIS OF 1931–1933. By Christopher Thorne.LATE MODERN: BRITAIN AND THE SINO‐JAPANESE WAR 1937–1939: A STUDY IN THE DILEMMAS OF BRITISH DECLINE. By Bradford A. Lee.LATE MODERN: CZECHOSLOVAKIA BEFORE MUNICH: THE GERMAN MINORITY PROBLEM AND BRITISH APPEASEMENT POLICY. By J. W. Bruegel.LATE MODERN: ISLAND REFUGE: BRITAIN AND REFUGEES FROM THE THIRD REICH 1933–1939. By A. J. Sherman.LATE MODERN: BY‐ELECTIONS IN BRITISH POLITICS. Edited by Chris Cook and John Ramsden.LATE MODERN: Brian Bond's edition of CHIEF OF STAFF: THE DIARIES OF LIEUTENANT‐GENERAL SIR HENRY POWALL, VOLUME ONE 1933–1940LATE MODERN: THE FOREIGN POLICY OF THE THIRD REICH. By Klaus Hildebrand.LATE MODERN: HITLER'S STRATEGY 1940–41: THE BALKAN CLUE. By Martin L. van Creveld.LATE MODERN: THE LIFE AND DEATH OF ADOLF HITLER. By Robert Payne.LATE MODERN: GERMAN STRATEGY AGAINST RUSSIA 1939–1941. By Barry A. Leach.LATE MODERN: THE WORLD AT WAR. By Mark Arnold‐Forster.LATE MODERN: ATLAS OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR. Edited by Peter YoungLATE MODERN: TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY 1943–1945: SMALL STATE DIPLOMACY AND GREAT POWER POLITICS. By Edward Weisband.LATE MODERN: THE WARSAW RISING OF 1944. By Jan M. Ciechanowski.LATE MODERN: WARSAW AFLAME: THE 1939–45 YEARS. By Tadeusz Bielecki and Leszek Szymanski.LATE MODERN: REVOLT IN ATHENS: THE GREEK COMMUNIST ‘SECOND ROUND’ 1944–45. By John O. Iatrides.LATE MODERN: CHRISTLAN DEMOCRACY IN FRANCE. By R. E. M. Irving.LATE MODERN: THE RISE OF WESTERN GERMANY 1945–1972. By Aidan Crawley.LATE MODERN: AUSTRIA, 1918–1972. By Elizabeth Barker.LATE MODERN: CREATING THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. By R. C. Mowat.LATE MODERN: BLOCKADE: BERLIN AND THE COLD WAR BY ERIC MORRISLATE MODERN: WORKERS AGAINST THE MONOLITH: THE COMMUNIST PARTIES SINCE 1943. By Ian H. Birchall.LATE MODERN: THE POST‐WAR WORLD. By David Harkness.LATE MODERN: BEHIND BARBED WIRE. By A. J. Barker.LATE MODERN: THE UNITED STATES AND IRELAND. By Donald Harman Akenson.LATE MODERN: THE GOVERNMENT OF NORTHERN IRELAND, 1922–1972: A CATALOGUE AND BREVIATE OF PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS, by Arthur MaltbyLATE MODE