The enormous technological and scientific advances of the 1980s give us an unparalleled opportunity to address fundamental issues in astrophysics through observations at infrared wavelengths. The recommendations of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee reflect these opportunities for research in the 1–1000‐micron wavelength range. The highest priority recommendations for large new projects in this part of the spectrum are for a Space Infrared Telescope Facility, orSIRTF, and an 8‐meter ground‐based Infrared Optimized Telescope, or IRO. A Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, orSOFIA, is a highly recommended medium‐sized initiative, and there are strong recommendations for several other infrared initiatives.