Ovarian and pelvic (internal iliac) varices have long been recognized as a source of chronic pelvic pain in women. The technique of transcatheter embolotherapy for ovarian and pelvic varices requires selective catheterization of the ovarian and internal iliac veins, followed by contrast venography and embolization. The long-term effects of treatment are the subject of ongoing investigation. This article provides a concise background on ovarian and pelvic varices and reviews the recently published literature on their embolization for the treatment of pelvic venous incompetence (also known as pelvic congestion syndrome).