Water yield has increased substantially on two small chaparral watersheds in central Arizona following brush control and conversion to grass. Winter precipitation is the major source of water yield. Summer rains begin in July and normally account for about one‐fourth of the annual precipitation but generally have little effect on streamflow. When annual precipitation is less than 16 inches, increase in water yield resulting from treatment is likely to be less than 2 inches. However, the efficiency of the conversion for producing extra water improves with rainfall, at least up to 34 inches. At this amount of annual precipitation, the increase in flow may reach 12 inches or more, depending on seasonal distribution of the rai