The purposeof this investigation was to determine the prevalence of the palato‐gingival groove in maxillary incisor teeth and the health status of the lingual periodontal tissues adjacent to maxillary incisor teeth with and without the grooves. A total of 531 individuals aged 17 to 35 years were examined for the presence or absence of palato‐gingival grooves in their maxillary incisor teeth. A Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI), and Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) were recorded for the lingual aspect of the four maxillary incisors. Tooth mobility was also recorded. The prevalence of the palato‐gingival grooves in the 531 individuals examined was 8.5%. Of the 2,099 maxillary incisor teeth examined, 2.33% had a palato‐gingival groove. Most of the palato‐gingival grooves (93.8%) were in maxillary lateral incisor teeth. Statistical analyses revealed no differences in groove prevalence on the basis of sex or race. Results of the study also indicate that the palato‐gingival groove is associated with poorer periodontal health as measured by the GI and PDI and more plaque accumulation as measured with the PlI.