A pollenmorphological investigation of 51 species belonging to the ten genera, constituting the family Chloanthaceae (Benth.) Hutch., using both light and electron microscopy, is presented. Contrary to what has been reported earlier, the family Chloanthaceae has been found to be remarkably eurypalynous. Ten pollen types have been distinguished, and a key for their identification established. A detailed description of each pollen type, made through the combined use of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy is given. An ultrastructural analysis of the sporoderm of the species investigated is supplemented under the above description. Both intergeneric and intrageneric variations have been encountered. The taxonomic relationship between most of the taxa has not been reflected in their pollen grains; although in some taxa their affinity is clearly evident. Pollenmorphologically there is strong evidence to suggest the splitting of the genusLachnostachys, as well as,Pilyrodia.