This study explored the associations among the domains of the five-factor model (FFM) of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and the DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs). Clinician ratings were obtained for both the DSM-IV PDs and the FFM on a sample of 100 PD patients. The correlational data showed that the DSM PDs were most strongly associated with the FFM domains of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness. Factor analysis revealed four underlying factors that provided insights into qualities shared by subgroups of the DSM-IV PDs. The domain of neuroticism was associated with the borderline, avoidant, and dependent PDs (factor 1). The paranoid, avoidant, schizoid, and schizotypal PDs were negatively associated with the domain of agreeableness (factor 2). The domain of extraversion was positively associated with the narcissistic and histrionic PDs and negatively with schizoid PD (factor 3). The FFM conscientiousness and openness domains loaded onto a single factor and were positively associated with the obsessive-compulsive PD and negatively associated with the antisocial and borderline PDs. Exploring the relationships between these two personality systems will improve our conceptualization and understanding of the DSM PDs.