This review is based upon a series of lectures given to the Materials Science and Technology Division at Argonne National Laboratory. The lectures were intended to provide an introduction to lattice gauge theory for scientists who had little or no background in elementary particle physics. Lattice gauge theory incorporates many of the ideas of high energy and condensed matter physics, and is therefore particularly well-suited to a multidisciplinary approach. Perhaps this review may help in closing the perceived gap between these fields.