ObjectivePrior research suggests that the diagnosis and treatment of cancer can result in the development of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on Lazarus and Folkman’s model of stress, the current study examined whether trauma appraisals, coping, social support, and social constraint were associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms in cancer patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation (BMT).MethodsParticipants were 23 males and 79 females treated with BMT an average of 20 months previously (range = 3–62 months). Past and current psychiatric diagnoses were assessed through a structured clinical interview. PTSD symptomatology and other psychological variables were assessed using standardized self-report measures.ResultsResults indicated that 5% of participants met diagnostic criteria for current PTSD. Participants reported an average of three to four symptoms of PTSD (range = 0–16). Univariate analyses confirmed predictions that increased PTSD symptomatology would be associated with more negative appraisals of the BMT experience, greater use of avoidance-based coping strategies, lower levels of social support, and greater social constraint (p< .05). Regression analyses indicated that each of these variables accounted for significant (p< .05) variability in PTSD symptomatology above and beyond relevant demographic and medical variables.ConclusionsResults of the present study confirm and extend prior research regarding the prevalence of PTSD and PTSD symptoms among patients treated for cancer. In addition, the study identified a set of theoretically derived psychological characteristics that seem to place patients at risk for greater PTSD symptomatology after BMT.