AbstractThis article summarizes the epidemiology of AIDS and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) in the United States and discusses the status of approaches to prevent HIV infection and to treat AIDS patients. Finally, the status of research of selected community-based prevention programs, such as needle-exchange programs and programs distributing bleach to IVDAs for needle and syringe cleaning, will be reviewed.