Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis is an unusual condition appearing in the prepubertal child who is otherwise normal. Characteristically, the condition is of variable severity and of limited duration and always affects the spine. One of the major complications of idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis has been residual kyphosis. The present paper reports two cases of this condition and reviews the literature. The results of treatment with a Milwaukee brace in one case have been particularly gratifying and would indicate that brace treatment should be considered when this condition is encountered.