The determination of geographic chromosomal variation in rare or endangered species, or those of special management concern, is important, since geographically defined cytotypes can negatively influence breeding programs involving founders drawn from widely divergent localities. We cytogenetically analyzed specimens of the roan (Hippotragus equinus) and sable antelope (H. niger) collected from widely divergent localities throughout their respective ranges. Each species was characterized by a diploid number of 60 and an invariant karyotype. In contrast to the absence of intraspecific variation, however, the two species differ with respect to centromeric constitutive heterochromatin and numbers of nucleolar organizer regions. These cytogenetic landmarks were subsequently used to verify an anecdotal account of a naturally occurring roan × sable hybrid. The data show that, despite their markedly distinct phenotypes, the roan and sable antelope are nonetheless sufficiently similar genetically to produce viable offspring. Hybridization, although a rare event between these species, is probably partly promoted by behavioral differences which are not always sufficient to prevent mating between them