Texture and stress of Ag films in Ag/Ti, Ag/Cr bilayers, and self-encapsulated structures
作者:
Yuxiao Zeng,
Y. L. Zou,
T. L. Alford,
F. Deng,
S. S. Lau,
T. Laursen,
B. Manfred Ullrich,
期刊:
Journal of Applied Physics
(AIP Available online 1997)
卷期:
Volume 81,
issue 12
页码: 7773-7777
ISSN:0021-8979
年代: 1997
DOI:10.1063/1.365386
出版商: AIP
数据来源: AIP
摘要:
The texture of evaporated Ag films prepared on Ti or Cr underlayers before and after encapsulation process has been studied by x-ray diffraction. In addition, the stress state in self-encapsulated Ag/Ti structures has also been investigated using a “sin2 &psgr;” technique. Silver films deposited on Ti layers exhibit a strong 〈111〉 texture, which is in contrast to the nearly random orientation of Ag films on Cr underlayers. The minimization of interfacial energy with respect to lattice match can account for this underlayer dependence. After an encapsulation process involving Ti reactions in an ammonia ambient, the texture of Ag films in Ag/Ti bilayers is further enhanced. Highly textured Ag films may provide the basis for electromigration-resistant Ag metallization in integrated circuit devices. For the Ag/Ti bilayer structures, a low tensile stress of approximately 61 MPa arising from the nonequilibrium growth during the film deposition is present in the Ag films. This results in a lattice tension state in the film plane and a lattice compression state along the film normal. Thermal mismatch stress is produced by the encapsulation process at 600 °C. Most of this stress relaxes during the cooling stage and a residual tensile stress of ∼320 MPa in the film plane was determined. ©1997 American Institute of Physics.
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