ABSTRACTBecause of the diminishing number of patients diagnosed with otosclerosis, the adequacy of residency training in stapedectomy techniques remains controversial. A prospective study, conducted from 1986 to 1991, assessed whether or not surgical outcome obtained by residents, under close supervision by otologic faculty, could be improved using a single stapedectomy technique. Comparison of pre- and postoperative hearing results (pure-tone averages of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz) from 49 cases revealed closure of the air-bone gap to within 10 dB in 68 percent of procedures. Complications included failure to improve the conductive hearing loss, tympanic membrane perforations, transient facial nerve weakness, subluxation of the incus, and adhesions. The failure to improve the success rate in resident-performed procedures relates to the individual learning curve and the limited number of training cases.