A taxonomic treatment of the genusPtyssiglottisincludingAncylacanthus, Hallieru‐cantha, Oreothyrsus, andPolytremais given. The phylogeny is briefly dealt with. Leaf morphology, inflorescence morphology and pollen morphology yield important characters. The distribution of selected characters is mapped. The distribution of all species is mapped. Eight new species are published viz.P. campanulata, P. decurrens, P. fusca, P. glandulifera, P. longisepala, P mucronata, P. pubescens, andP. staminodifera. Fifteen new combinations are made viz.P. caudata, P. creaghii, P. cuprea, P. cyrtandroides, P. dulcamarioides, P. fastidiosa, P. glabrisepala, P. granulata, P. nigrescens, P. peranthera, P. psychotriifolia, P. pubisepala, P. salicifolia, P. sanguinolenta, andP. undulat