Earthworms collected from the southwestern Pacific islands of Samoa, Tonga, Fiji, Niue, and the Kermadecs on the 1980 expedition of the Soviet Research ShipKallisto, and by other expeditions and surveys, are discussed. Nineteen species are listed: 2 are new, 12 are new records for the area, and 6 are new records for individual islands. The 2 new species arePolypheretima neglectan. sp. andMetapheretima sergein. sp. The littoral species of the genusPontodrilusare reviewed and are considered to be synonymous. The type species of the genusDrawidais redescribed.Polypheretima tamaraen. sp. is described from Papua New Guinea. The origin of the earthworm fauna of the south-western Pacific is discussed and a key to the earthworms recorded from the south-western Pacific is provided.