Conduction Mechanism of Single‐Crystal Alumina
作者:
Fritz G. Will,
Horst G. DeLorenzi,
Kevin H. Janora,
期刊:
Journal of the American Ceramic Society
(WILEY Available online 1992)
卷期:
Volume 75,
issue 2
页码: 295-304
ISSN:0002-7820
年代: 1992
DOI:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1992.tb08179.x
出版商: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
关键词: electrical conductivity;alumina;measurement;sap phire;models
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
The electrical conductivity of high‐purity single‐crystal alumina is determined in a temperature range from 400° to 1300°C. By applying an advanced fully guarded threeterminal measurement technique, reliable conductivity measurements are performed to as low as 10−17Ω−1· cm−1. Gas and surface conduction are measured separately and shown to be negligible. High‐purity sapphire exhibits a conductivity of 10−16Ω−1· cm−1at 400°C, two characteristic activation energies of 0.4 and 4.8 eV with increasing temperature, and a conductivity of 3 × 10−8Ω−1· cm−1at 1300°C. The fraction of the current carried by ions is determined by electron probe analysis of the electrodes following a 640‐h transference test at 1200°C with 4 kV/cm field applied. Only 0.3% of the current at 1200°C is carried by ions. A mathematical model of electrical conduction in sapphire is developed which describes sapphire as a wide‐bandgap semiconductor, doped with one dominant donor and one dominant acceptor. The observed conductivity is well described by the model over the enti
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