The Millikan oil‐drop experiment: Making it worthwhile
作者:
Ray C. Jones,
期刊:
American Journal of Physics
(AIP Available online 1995)
卷期:
Volume 63,
issue 11
页码: 970-977
ISSN:0002-9505
年代: 1995
DOI:10.1119/1.18001
出版商: American Association of Physics Teachers
关键词: DROPLETS;MEASURING METHODS;MICROSCOPES;OILS
数据来源: AIP
摘要:
Improvements to the Millikan oil drop experiment as it is performed in teaching laboratories are described. Enhancement of the optics in the oil‐drop apparatus greatly improves the visibility of the drops. Accurate timing of their motion becomes possible since they are now bright and sharply focused. With improved timing, the parameters such as microscope calibration and plate separation can become the principal sources of experimental error. Methods are described to accurately determine these experimental parameters. The workload for the experimenter is greatly reduced by using a computer to: act as a smart stopwatch, calculate the drop charge in real time, perform the statistics, and make records of the experiment. The convenience and speed offered by the computer, coupled with improved optics, relieves the eyestrain, fatigue, and frustration usually associated with this experiment. Nye’s watch oil was used in this study. A return to Millikan’s original iteration method for the correction to Stokes’ law lowers the calculated charge for small drops by about 2%. With these improvements the calculated charges are sufficiently accurate that guesswork as to the multiplicity of their charge is essentially eliminated. A student typically obtains the value of the electronic charge accurate to about 1% with 1 h of experimentation. Student and instructor satisfaction are much improved.
点击下载:
PDF
(949KB)
返 回