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The Millikan oil‐drop experiment: Making it worthwhile

 

作者: Ray C. Jones,  

 

期刊: American Journal of Physics  (AIP Available online 1995)
卷期: Volume 63, issue 11  

页码: 970-977

 

ISSN:0002-9505

 

年代: 1995

 

DOI:10.1119/1.18001

 

出版商: American Association of Physics Teachers

 

关键词: DROPLETS;MEASURING METHODS;MICROSCOPES;OILS

 

数据来源: AIP

 

摘要:

Improvements to the Millikan oil drop experiment as it is performed in teaching laboratories are described. Enhancement of the optics in the oil‐drop apparatus greatly improves the visibility of the drops. Accurate timing of their motion becomes possible since they are now bright and sharply focused. With improved timing, the parameters such as microscope calibration and plate separation can become the principal sources of experimental error. Methods are described to accurately determine these experimental parameters. The workload for the experimenter is greatly reduced by using a computer to: act as a smart stopwatch, calculate the drop charge in real time, perform the statistics, and make records of the experiment. The convenience and speed offered by the computer, coupled with improved optics, relieves the eyestrain, fatigue, and frustration usually associated with this experiment. Nye’s watch oil was used in this study. A return to Millikan’s original iteration method for the correction to Stokes’ law lowers the calculated charge for small drops by about 2%. With these improvements the calculated charges are sufficiently accurate that guesswork as to the multiplicity of their charge is essentially eliminated. A student typically obtains the value of the electronic charge accurate to about 1% with 1 h of experimentation. Student and instructor satisfaction are much improved.

 

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