The homogeneous alignment of a liquid crystal material, 4′-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (8CB), was achieved by polyimide Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements show that the alignment of the polyimide LB films with a grooveless surface occurs due to the orientation of the polyimide chains. We directly observe 8CB monolayers on oriented polyimide LB films. We find that the monolayers form a two dimensional crystalline structure and the 8CB molecules are always aligned along the chain direction of the polyimide. The results show that the alignment of 8CB molecules arises by an epitaxial growth on the oriented polyimide LB films.